Enhancement of the aerodynamic performance of a pickup truck using computational fluid dynamics.

Abstract

The aerodynamic performance of pickup trucks significantly influences their fuel efficiency and overall vehicle dynamics. Many aftermarket modifications, such as bull bar guards, side mirrors, and load bed designs, inadvertently increase aerodynamic drag, leading to higher fuel consumption. This study aimed to analyse and optimise the aerodynamic characteristics of a conventional pickup truck using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A 2020 Toyota Hilux Revo double-cabin model was selected as the base vehicle, and its aerodynamic properties were evaluated through CFD simulations. The study identified key inefficiencies in the base model, including high drag zones around the front bumper, flow separations near the side mirrors, and recirculation regions at the load bed. Various optimization strategies were explored, including redesigning the bumper with a porous structure, modifying the bull bar guard with an aerodynamically efficient shape, and introducing a curved tonneau cover. CFD analyses of these modifications demonstrated a reduction in the drag coefficient (CD) from 0.884 to 0.612, significantly improving airflow attachment and reducing turbulence. Furthermore, the impact of these modifications on fuel consumption was assessed. The findings indicated that the optimised designs resulted in an estimated fuel savings of up to 10.11 liters per 335 km trip, translating to a cost reduction of approximately 48,800 UGX per journey. These results highlight the importance of aerodynamically efficient aftermarket modifications in reducing fuel consumption and promoting sustainable transportation solutions. This research provides valuable insights for automotive engineers and truck owners, emphasizing the role of CFD in optimising vehicle aerodynamics. The proposed modifications not only enhance aerodynamic efficiency but also offer practical, cost-effective solutions for improving fuel economy in conventional pickup trucks.