School of Psychology (SPsy.)

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    Ability Practices, Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Iganga District
    ( 2019-05) Alice, Babirye
    This study investigated the difference in self-esteem and academic achievement between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those in schools that practice mixed ability and the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement. The study used quantitative and cross sectional approaches, employing casual comparative and correlational survey designs. Data was collected from 227 respondents selected from the six schools using simple random sampling technique. Data was entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 23) and analyzed using independent t-test, the Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed a significant difference in self-esteem between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those that practice mixed ability (t = 3.55, p < .01), there was also a significant difference in academic achievement between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those in schools that practice mixed ability (t = 3.95, p < .01). The results further revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement (r=.340, p < .01) and that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between Ability Practices and Academic Achievement (r = -.162, p < .01). It was concluded that the type of school a student attends, that is, whether it practices ability grouping or mixed ability will have an influence on his/her self-esteem and academic achievement. The results revealed that students in schools that practice ability grouping had higher self-esteem and academic achievement as compared to those in schools that practice mixed grouping. It is however noted that the results do not vary so highly, this implies that if both practices are moderately practiced, they can contribute to students’ self-esteem and academic achievement. It was recommended that educational stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education and Sports, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), teachers, school managers’ and curriculum developers should come up with a policy which should encourage and promote the practice of ability grouping in most secondary schools in the country as this raises learners’ self-esteem and improves on their academic achievement.
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    Abusive supervision, psychological capital and deviant work behaviors: case of workers of Brookside Limited
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-16) Asizua, Kenneth Adibaku
    The study aimed at investigating the relationship between abusive supervision, psychological capital and deviant work behaviors among staff of Brookside limited Uganda. A stratified sampling method was used on sample size of 100 respondents both male and female arrived at by using Krejcie and Morgan’s table (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970). Person product moment correlation coefficient was used to test hypotheses that focused on, examining the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant work behaviors, examining the relationship between abusive supervision and psychological capital, examining the relationship between psychological capital and deviant work behaviors and to examine whether psychological capital moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant workplace behaviors while regression analysis was used to test moderation. The results of the study showed that abusive supervision has a positive significant relationship with deviant work behavior, results also showed that abusive supervision had a negative significant relationship with psychological capital. The study results also showed that psychological capital and deviant work behaviors had a negative significant relationship. The study also showed that psychological capital moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant work behavior. A conclusion was made that staff involvement in organization or individual deviant work behaviors is as a result of abusive supervision and low levels of psychological capital. Employers should increase the psychological capital of staff and reduce abusive supervision in the organization in order to eliminate deviant work behaviors.
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    Academic motivation, self-concept and academic achievement in English and Mathematics at Ordinary Level.
    (Makerere University, 2012-03) Opio, George
    The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between Academic motivation, Academic self- concept and Academic achievement in English and Mathematics of Ordinary level students in Gulu Municipality. The study was guided by three objectives: to establish the relationship between academic motivation and academic self-concept, to establish the relationship between academic self concept and academic achievement, to establish the relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement. The study used a correlational design and the sample consisted of 311 students selected using census sampling technique. Data was collected using a standardized self administered close ended structured questionnaire that was filled by the senior four students who sat for Uganda national examinations in the year 2010. Data was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation (r). A multiple regression analysis was also done to establish whether the independent variables were statistically significant predictors of the dependent variable. Results of the study showed that all the indicators of academic motivational goals (i.e. mastery, performance and social goals) had a significant positive relationship with academic self concept. Results also showed that academic self concept and academic achievement had a significant negative relationship. It was also established that there was a significant negative relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement, with all the indicators of academic motivation (i.e., mastery, performance and social) showing a significant negative relationship. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that it was only academic self concept that was statistically significant predictor of academic achievement. It was recommended that training and development in the areas of students self concepts, motivation and achievement should be addressed through the teachers’ development plans and that the enhancement of academic self concept is not only a task for teachers but that the other professionals, parents, policy makers, should also intervene. It is also necessary to give adequate and sufficient attention to self-concept and academic motivation and those stakeholders should be offered methodological guidance in order to work on these throughout the educational process, in order that this type of Psycho-educational intervention may serve as an avenue to improve academic achievement.
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    Acculturation, subjective well-being and depression among South Sudan Refugees in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-13) Namubiru, Mariah
    Upon migrating into a new country, refugees are faced with the challenge of acculturating to a new culture.Failure to adjust to the new culture has been associated with low levels of subjective wellbeing and depression. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the strategies of acculturation amongst South Sudan refugees,to examine the relationship between acculturation and subjective wellbeing amongst South Sudan refugees,to examine the relationship between acculturation and depression amongst South Sudan refugees and finally to examine the moderation role acculturation plays between subjective wellbeing and depression amongst South Sudan refugees.The study was quantitative and used a correlation design.Standardizedquestionnaires wereadministered to 250 refugees who consented to take part in the study.Purposive sampling specifically the homogeneous sampling technique was used to select eligible participants from Kiryandongo with shared characteristics.Results showed thatthe majority of the refugees 164 (65.60%) were using the separation strategy of acculturation,47(18.80%) used the integration strategy of acculturation and 39(15.60%) used the assimilation strategy of acculturation.There was a significant relationship between acculturation and subjective wellbeing.Additionally, there was a significant relationship between acculturation and depression.This information will help inform clinical psychologists and counsellors about the effects of acculturation, subjective well-being and depression better thus improving their capacity to design appropriate.Findings from this study are important to stake holders working with refugees in understanding refugee post migration adustments thatv form the basis of better psychological outcomes like improved well being or thye absence of negative sequel for instance depression
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    Adapting and validating psychometric properties of compact among Makerere University students
    (Makerere University, 2023-12) Mugarura, Joseph
    A sequential mixed methods approach was utilized to translate, adapt and validate the Comprehensive Assessment of ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) proccesses (CompACT). Forward translation was done by a translation expert at the School of Languages department of Luganda, Makerere University, 9 mental health experts examined the translation, 8 laypersons also deliberated the translation and suggestions made by experts, 25 students responded to the adapted versions in a cognitive testing activity and finally, 500 students participated in the validation of the adapted versions. Adaptations produced a clear and relevant CompACT. Examination of the Factorial validity suggested that both versions had a 3-factor structure, with the Luganda version retaining 17 items while the other retained 20 items. For internal consistency reliability, the Luganda version had Cronbach’s alpha of .788 and the English version had Cronbach’s alpha of .783. Thus, both versions are considered reliable and valid to measure psychological flexibility and deduce the mental health state of the students and accordingly intervene. This study may also guide other tool validation projects.
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    Aitururu (Sadness): variation of idioms of distress among the Iteso
    (Makerere University, 2024-11) Emuria, Ojikan Akoit Sam
    Distress in local words, is often polysomic and dynamic, with continuous transformation due to historical and cultural processes. Aitururu, a term from the Iteso community in Uganda can be used to show how deep-seated the current idioms of distress are in their social-cultural practices. This research therefore sought to establish how the Iteso in Soroti District perceive, manifest and control Aitururu. This is a qualitative study that used purposive sampling to recruit participants within the communities of the Soroti Peri-urban area including Obuku cell, Pamba, Nakatunya and Soroti Hospital. In this study, 22 participants were involved and interviews in the form of in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were used and data was analyzed thematically. The findings revealed four main themes related to Aitururu include: 1) Meanings the Iteso attach to Aitururu 2) Other idioms used to communicate distress; 4) Contexts where Aitururu is used, and 4) Intuitive Cultural expressions where the Aitururu might be used. The findings of each theme offered the gist of cultural and emotional appreciations, fears, sorrows and understandings among the Iteso people. At the end of the study, the author noted that it is only possible to comprehend Aitururu by possessing cultural competence and cultural sensitivity towards mental health intervention. Native methods of addressing mental health as well as traditional methods of addressing emotional problems within the community should be adopted in the modern style of treatment of outpatients in this community.
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    Alcohol abuse, social support and depression among school going adolescents
    (Makerere University, 2022-01-21) Namulema, Brenda
    Adolescence is a developmental stage that poses more challenges and requires a great deal of social support as many adolescents engage in harmful behaviors like alcohol abuse which greatly affect their psychological wellbeing. However, little evidence exists on the association between alcohol abuse, social support and depression among school-going adolescents. The purpose of the study was to establish the association between alcohol abuse, social support and depression among school-going adolescents. It was a quantitative study that used correlational research design. 225 respondents were selected to take part in the study. Using purposive sampling, participants were selected from five secondary schools in Wakiso district. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM V (SCID-V) was used to measure alcohol abuse and depression where as social support was measured by Multi-dimensional Perceived Social Support tool (MPSS). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results reported no significant association between alcohol abuse and depression among school-going adolescents (Χ2 = 2.59, P >0.05) and, no significant association was found between alcohol abuse and social support (Χ2 = 12.53, P >0.05). However, there was a significant association found between social support and depression (Χ2 = 6.38, P<0.05). Social support was also found not to mediate the association between alcohol abuse and depression among school-going adolescents (b = .49, SE = .038, 95% CI = .158, .019). In conclusion, there is an association between social support and depression among school-going adolescents, and, considering the high rates of depression established in this study, approaches that aim at establishing and strengthening school based social support networks for adolescents may perhaps prevent depression. Existing studies on association between study alcohol abuse, social support and depression among adolescents may perhaps explain further the non-established association between alcohol abuse and depression, and, alcohol abuse and social support as partially due to school dynamics which may relate negatively to physical, social, and psychological life of adolescents thus if studied further can probably explain the non-significant association established among the study variables.
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    Alcohol use, depressive symptoms and coping strategies among school going adolescents in Kampala District.
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Madinah, Ismail
    The study was carried out to examine whether there is a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and coping strategies among school going adolescents. The specific objectives of the study were to examine the relationship between alcohol use and depressive symptoms, alcohol use and coping strategies, depressive symptoms and coping strategies and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between alcohol use and coping strategies among school going adolescents in Kampala District. The study had a sample of 300 respondents who were randomly selected from three different secondary schools (Makerere College School, Kololo S.S, and Old Kampala High School). Self-administered questionnaires were used in data collection process the data was then analyzed using the statistical software package for social sciences (SPSS). Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was used to determine the significance of the relationships among variable. The findings showed no significant correlation between alcohol use and depressive symptoms (r= -0.043, p>0.05), furthermore the findings showed no significant correlation between alcohol use and coping strategies (r=0.115, p>0.05). In addition, findings showed a positive significant correlation between depressive symptoms and coping strategies (r=0.373, p<0.05). and there was no mediating effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between alcohol use and coping strategies among school going adolescents. Hence it was concluded that there is no significant relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms yet a relationship was found between depressive symptoms and coping strategies. Hence, it was recommended that the government, and non-government organization Ensure adolescents have access to mental health counseling that focuses on identifying and managing depressive symptoms effectively through adaptive coping strategies.
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    Alcohol use, treatment, and relapse: narratives of patients admitted with alcohol use disorder at Butabika National Referral Mental Hospital
    (Makerere University, 2023-11) Mugabo, Mukula Hillary
    Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related problems pose significant global public health concerns. Uganda has reported high levels of alcohol consumption with a growing proportion of the youthful population at risk of severe alcohol use problems requiring treatment. There is, however, scanty information about the experiences of patients receiving treatment for AUD and relapse in Uganda. The purpose of this study was to explore the narratives of patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). The Study utilized purposive sampling to identify participants who met the study's inclusion criteria. In-depth face-to-face interviews guided by an interview guide were conducted to collect participant narratives, which were then analyzed thematically. The findings revealed significant factors contributing to alcohol use, such as peer pressure and perceived social benefits, and highlighted the challenges of maintaining sobriety post-treatment, including conflicting social support. The study underscores the importance of ongoing support, follow-up care, and a comprehensive treatment approach to prevent relapse and sustain long-term recovery. These findings have implications for prevention strategies, interventions, and clinical practice, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions addressing peer pressure and social benefits and providing continuous support and holistic care to individuals with AUD.
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    Antisocial behaviours, peer influence and depression among school going adolescents In Lubaga Division, Kampala
    (Makerere University, 2024-10) Nandutu, Joan Eunice
    The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between antisocial behaviours, peer influence and depression among school-going adolescents. Adolescence is a developmental stage characterized by many challenges including anti-social behaviours like fighting with colleagues at school, negative peer influence, as well as psychological challenges and consequences such as depression. Despite the growing concerns there is paucity of evidence in the Ugandan context about the linkage between, antisocial behaviours peer influence and depression among school-going adolescents. To explore this relationship, the study employed a quantitative study whilst using a correlational research design. A total of 130 respondents were selected from one secondary school in Kampala district using purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results revealed a significant relationship between antisocial behaviours and depression among school-going adolescents (r (128) = -.27, p =.002.), a significant relationship was found between depression and peer influence (r(128) = -.21, p = .015), and there was a significant relationship between peer influence and antisocial behaviour (r(128) = -.21, p <.001). Peer influence was also found to mediate the relationship between antisocial behaviour and depression among school-going adolescents (b = -.148, SE = .065, 95% CI = .34, .053). Based on these findings, it is recommended that schools and policymakers develop interventions to address depression and promote positive peer influence, with emphasis on encouraging pro-social behaviours. Educational institutions could also implement mental health programs to reduce depression symptoms and mitigate the risk of antisocial behaviour in adolescents
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    Anxiety and coping as predictors of parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Makerere University, 2023-08) Ndeezi, Morris
    The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted family life, presenting parents with unique challenges in managing work, homeschooling, and childcare responsibilities. Previous research has shown that individual psychological factors, such as anxiety and coping mechanisms, are associated with parenting practices. However, the specific relationship between these factors and parenting practices during the pandemic remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between anxiety levels, coping, and parenting practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employed a quantitative approach utilizing secondary data gathered through an online survey. The investigation involved a comprehensive sample of 278 participants, and the data was subjected to descriptive, correlational, and multiple regression analyses. The findings revealed significant relationships between Anxiety, Coping, and Parenting practices (r = -.205 to .220, p < .01). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that economic status was the strongest predictor of parenting practices (β = -0.260, p < 0.01), followed by Coping (β = 0.149, p < 0.05), and Anxiety (β = -0.127, p < 0.05) and R-squared indicated 15.53% of variance explained. The study emphasizes how coping mechanisms and levels of anxiety significantly affect parenting practices amid the COVID-19 pandemic. It stresses the need to encourage effective coping strategies to improve positive parenting, especially in crisis situations. Additionally, the study suggests that factors like occupational health and socioeconomic status highlight the necessity of broader support systems to help parents navigate these difficult times more successfully.
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    Anxiety, depression and coping Strategies among mothers during postpartum period at Mengo Hospital-Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2023-10) Kirumira, Fred
    Anxiety and depression have become a global concern among mothers during pospartum period. this has therefore prompted many mothers to adopt various coping strategies such as emotional coping , problem focused and avoidant coping. However, some of these strategies are adaptive well as others are maladaptive to the emotional growth of these mothers. The study investigated the relationship between anxiety, depression and coping strategies among mothers during postpartum preiod. The study employed a quantative, cross sectional and correlational design and employed 123 postpartm mothers from the postnal ward at Mengo hospital in kampala. Data was collected by standardized questionaires. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were done to test the hypothesis. Results showed a high prevalence of anxiety (88.6%) and depressive (82.1%) symptoms among postpartum mothers. Significant relationships were found between anxiety and depression, anxiety and avoidant coping strategies. However, there was a negative relationship between anxiety and gender of the baby, depression and problem focused coping, depression and emotional coping. Anxiety was the best predictor of depression. In conclusion therefore mothers have adopted various coping strategies such as emotional,problem focused and avoidant coping strategies.
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    Asymptomatic coronary artery disease among diabetes mellitus patients at Mulago Hospital
    (Makerere University, 2015-08) Muwonge, Haruna
    Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with diabetes. Compared with the general population, patients with diabetes have a 4 times greater incidence of Coronary heart disease and a 2 to 4 fold higher risk of a cardiovascular event. In most diabetic patients, the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction is often asymptomatic, usually because of autonomic neuropathy. Aims: To determine the proportion of diabetic and non-diabetic study participants with asymptomatic CAD using the exercise stress ECG and to establish the risk factors for CAD in these patients Materials and methods This was a cross sectional study involving 122 asymptomatic coronary disease diabetic and non-diabetic participants with no prior history of a cardiac event. Participants had a physical exam done after which blood samples were collected for analysis of lipid profiles, random blood glucose, and HbA1c levels. Participants then undertook a maximal ECG stress test for detection of exercise limited ischemia. Approval to carry out the study was sought from the School of Biomedical Sciences, research IRB and informed consent was given by the study participants. Results The ECG stress test was positive for CAD in eight (8) out of 61 participants. Among them, 7 (88%) were diabetic and 1 (12%) was non-diabetic. More females (88%) tested positive for CAD than males (12%). CAD patients had a higher mean plasma random blood glucose (269 ± 168 mg/dl) than CAD negative subjects (155 ± 80 mg/dl), and the difference observed was statistically significant (p=0.003). Additionally, slightly more participants (63%) with a CAD diagnosis had a hemoglobin A1c greater 6.5%. Although Dyslipidemia was not independently associated with CAD (p=0.83) in this study, the mean total cholesterol (5.4 ± 1.4 mmol/l) and triglyceride (1.8 ± 1.2 mmol/l) levels were higher than normal in participants with positive ECG ischemic findings compared to those with negative results. CAD positive patients had a poor exercise tolerance during the exercise stress test (6.9 ± 2.8 minutes and 8.5 ± 3 METs Vs 7.3 ± 1.0 minutes and 8.7 ± 2.0 METs) Conclusion Exercise induced ischemia was present in 19% of diabetic patients compared to 4% of non-diabetic participants. More females than males tested positive for Coronary artery disease. In contrast to previous studies, although Coronary artery disease risk factors were highly prevalent in subjects with CAD, they were not significantly associated with inducible ischemia.
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    Atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse among lactating mothers in Kampala City
    (Makerere University, 2024-11) Nassali, Doreen
    Atrophic vaginitis and painful sexual intercourse are common problems among romantic partners, significantly affecting psychological wellbeing and relationship quality. Painful sexual intercourse, clinically known as dyspareunia, refers to persistent or recurrent genital pain during and after intercourse. This study explored the relationship between atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse among 200 sexually active lactating mothers aged 16-47 at Kawaala Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda. Using a quantitative correlational research design and self-administered questionnaires, findings revealed that Atrophic vaginitis significantly predicted sexual pain, β = .45, p <.001 and anxiety, β = .45, t (187) = 5.95, p <.001. However, anxiety only explained 1.10% of the variance in sexual pain, and its relationship with painful intercourse was not statistically significant, R2 = .11, F (1,187) = 12.11, p = .142. Despite this, anxiety may coexist with sexual pain, especially when psychological distress arises from ongoing discomfort caused by atrophic vaginitis. Research in Uganda highlights that reproductive health issues, such as atrophic vaginitis are underreported due to stigma, limited awareness, and barriers to healthcare access. This study addresses these gaps, emphasizing the need to integrate psychological support into routine care to manage emotional and sexual health burdens holistically. The findings underscore the need for psychoeducation, and awareness campaigns to empower women about atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse to help them understand these conditions, their causes and treatment options. Collaboration among healthcare providers, psychologists, policymakers, and community organisations is vital to improving access to care and implementing integrated interventions. Addressing these challenges through a multidisciplinary approach can enhance the overall health and wellbeing of women in resource limited settings like Uganda.
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    Atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse among lactating mothers in Kampala City
    (Makererre university, 2024-11-29) Nassali, Doreen
    Atrophic vaginitis and painful sexual intercourse are common problems among romantic partners, significantly affecting psychological wellbeing and relationship quality. Painful sexual intercourse, clinically known as dyspareunia, refers to persistent or recurrent genital pain during and after intercourse. This study explored the relationship between atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse among 200 sexually active lactating mothers aged 16-47 at Kawaala Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda. Using a quantitative correlational research design and self-administered questionnaires, findings revealed that Atrophic vaginitis significantly predicted sexual pain, β = .45, p <.001 and anxiety, β = .45, t (187) = 5.95, p <.001. However, anxiety only explained 1.10% of the variance in sexual pain, and its relationship with painful intercourse was not statistically significant, R 2 = .11, F (1,187) = 12.11, p = .142. Despite this, anxiety may coexist with sexual pain, especially when psychological distress arises from ongoing discomfort caused by atrophic vaginitis. Research in Uganda highlights that reproductive health issues, such as atrophic vaginitis are underreported due to stigma, limited awareness, and barriers to healthcare access. This study addresses these gaps, emphasizing the need to integrate psychological support into routine care to manage emotional and sexual health burdens holistically. The findings underscore the need for psychoeducation, and awareness campaigns to empower women about atrophic vaginitis, anxiety and painful sexual intercourse to help them understand these conditions, their causes and treatment options. Collaboration among healthcare providers, psychologists, policymakers, and community organisations is vital to improving access to care and implementing integrated interventions. Addressing these challenges through a multidisciplinary approach can enhance the overall health and wellbeing of women in resource limited settings like Uganda
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    Attachment, personality and stability of romantic relationships among heterosexual women in Makerere University
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-16) Nkwanzi, Catherine
    The stability of romantic relationships has declined all over the world, and particularly in Uganda where divorce rates have risen significantly. Factors that contribute to the decline in stability of these relationships in Uganda are under searched. This study aimed at finding a relationship between attachment, personality traits and the stability/satisfaction of romantic relationships among heterosexual women in Makerere University. This a/quantitative study was conducted using a cross-sectional correlational design. A sample of 200 purposively selected female graduate students of Makerere University aged between 22-45 years completed questionnaires assessing attachment, personality, stability and satisfaction of romantic relationships. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. The findings showed more whereas more women reported stability in romantic relationship fewer were satisfied. Attachment was the best predictor of satisfaction of romantic relationships, while length of the present relationship was the best predictor of stability of romantic relationships. Conclusions are that much as both attachment and personality can affect the stability of romantic relationships among women, being in a stable relationship does not guarantee its satisfaction. Future research should focus on factors that limit fathers’ involvement in their daughter’s lives as distant insecure attachment to father figures was found to predict relationship dissatisfaction in these women.
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    Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), parenting style and depression among school-going children in Entebbe Municipal Council, Wakiso District.
    (Makerere University, 2022-01-31) Zabu, Yvonne
    Background: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common child mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between ADHD, parenting style and depression among Ugandan primary school pupils. Methods: This study used a descriptive study design. Purposive sampling was used. The study included 430 respondents between 8 years old and 13 years old in primary school in Entebbe Municipal Council, Wakiso District. The SDQ was used to screen for hyperactivity symptoms, the Parenting Style Inventory –II (PSI-II) to answer questions about caregiver parenting strategies, and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) to diagnose ADHD and depression. The collected data was analysed using IBM SPSS software (Version 22) using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, PROCESS analysis and Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC) Curve analysis. Results: ADHD prevalence was estimated at 29.1%. Depression prevalence was estimated at 10.9%. ADHD and depression’s comorbidity prevalence was estimated at 23%. ADHD had a significant direct effect on depression (b= -.69, se = .13, p < 0.05). Parenting style did not moderate the association between ADHD and depression (a = -.04, se = .15). The SDQ’s hyperactive sub-scale had good screening ability for this population (AUC = .737: moderate diagnostic accuracy). Conclusions: There was an association between ADHD and depression for primary school-going children in Entebbe. Parenting style had no association with either ADHD or depression. It also did not significantly moderate the association between ADHD and depression. The SDQ had good predictive ability for hyperactivity symptoms in this sample.
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    Attitude towards coercive behaviours, coping strategies and gender based violence victimization tolerances among women in Gulu and Omoro districts, Northern Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2023-10) Olyel, Olanya, Christine
    This study sought to investigate the relationships between Attitudes toward Coercive Behaviours, Coping Strategies and Gender-Based Violence (GBV) victimization tolerance in Gulu city and Omoro district, Northern Uganda. A self-administered questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents who were randomly selected from both Gulu City and Omoro district. Hypothesis 1, 2, 3 were tested using a Pearson product correlation(r). Hypothesis 4 on the mediation was analysed using a multiple linear regression. The results revealed that part from men’s right, the rest of attitudes towards coercive behaviours sub scales were not significantly related to Gender Based Violence sub-scales. Unlike, women lie/exaggerate sub scales) did significantly relate with all the GBV sub scales. The second hypothesis revealed that attitudes towards coercive behaviours did not significantly relate with all the sub scales coping strategies. The third results further showed that domestic physical violence did not significantly relate with problem solving focused and emotional focused coping strategies, however it significantly related with avoidance focused coping strategy. Sexual violence did not significantly relate with all the coping strategies. Lastly, mediation results show that unlike emotional focused coping, problem focused and avoidant focused coping strategies jointly mediated the relationship between attitudes towards coercive behaviours and Gender Based Violence. This current study findings revealed men’s rights to control related to physical domestic violence that women experienced. Thus, this study recommends that government and its agencies should avail counselling and psychotherapy services to the victims of physical abuse.
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    Background characteristics and individual institutional experiences: predicting academic achievement among undergraduate students in a higher education institution in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Matembu Kipuru, Moris
    This study examined the interplay between background characteristics, individual institutional experiences, and academic achievement among undergraduate students at a Ugandan higher education institution. Adopting a post-positivist paradigm, the research employed a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to examine these relationships. Data were collected from a stratified sample of 754 final-year students across four schools at Makerere University. Quantitative data obtained through modified scales were analyzed using SPSS (version 26) with correlation, regression, and mediation techniques. In contrast, qualitative data from one-on-one interviews were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase thematic analysis framework. The findings highlighted conscientiousness as a significant predictor of academic engagement (ρ = .32, p < .01) and social integration (ρ = .25, p < .01). Gender was notably associated with social integration (ρ = -.08, p < .014) and academic commitment (ρ = .13, p < .01). Family income and A-level grades showed negative influences on academic engagement (ρ = -.07, p < .01) and social integration (ρ = -.08, p < .01), respectively. Both A-level grades and conscientiousness significantly predicted university academic performance, measured by cumulative GPA (ρ = .26, p < .01) and academic persistence (ρ = .26, p < .01). Academic engagement demonstrated a positive relationship with academic persistence (ρ = .38**, p < .01) and CGPA (ρ = .14**, p < .01), while academic commitment was positively linked to academic persistence (ρ = .35**, p < .01). Social integration positively influenced both academic persistence (ρ = .39**, p < .01) and CGPA (ρ = .14**, p < .01). Mediation analyses revealed that social integration (b = .15, p = .22) and academic engagement (b = .23, p = .30) partially mediated the relationship between conscientiousness and academic persistence. However, social integration (b = -0.02, p < .01) negatively mediated the relationship between A-level grades and university CGPA. Qualitative findings contextualized and illuminated these quantitative results, providing deeper insights. In conclusion, the study underscores the pivotal roles of background characteristics and individual institutional experiences in influencing academic persistence and performance. Recommendations include fostering academically oriented interactions, encouraging conscientious behaviors, providing financial and psychological support, implementing gender-sensitive interventions, and enhancing academic advising and peer mentorship programs. These strategies are essential for improving academic persistence and promoting academic excellence at Makerere University.
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    Belief in a just world, perceptions of organizational justice and affective commitment in government entities in Kampala City
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-20) Lanyero, Jackline Brenda
    Justice is a core fundamental theme for individuals in organizations. Justice perceptions is greatly influenced by the belief in a just world. Employees who believe that they are not being handled equally and that the world is a very unjust place will experience reduced morale, a loss of confidence, and dysfunctional interactions, which can contribute to immoral behavior or disruptive activities. This study sought to assess the relationship between organizational justice, belief in a just world and affective commitment among employees in government entities in Uganda. The study targeted government entities employees aged between 18 to 60 years both male and female from YMCA, Makerere Institute of Social Development and Public Service, Makerere University, using self-filled closed ended questionnaires. Data was collected from 372 participants. Data was analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and PROCESS Macro version 3.0, using model 1. Results indicated that there was a positive significant relationship between belief in a just world and organizational justice, a positive significant relationship between organizational justice and affective commitment, a positive significant relationship between belief in a just world and affective commitment. Belief in a just world does not moderate the relationship between organizational justice and affective commitment. If an individual receives justice in an organization, their affective commitment is more like to develop. If the belief in the existence of a just world is high, their affective commitment will increase, and if an individual believes that the world is just personally, they may see justice in an organization. Therefore, human resource managers, policy makers, government organizations need to establish justice and see that their employee’s believe in some form of justice so that they can be affectively committed thus productivity.