College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHuSS)

Permanent URI for this community

http://10.29.1.53:4000/handle/10570/25

Browse

Ability Practices, Self-Esteem and Academic Achievement among Secondary School Students in Iganga District

( 2019-05) Alice, Babirye

This study investigated the difference in self-esteem and academic achievement between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those in schools that practice mixed ability and the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement. The study used quantitative and cross sectional approaches, employing casual comparative and correlational survey designs. Data was collected from 227 respondents selected from the six schools using simple random sampling technique. Data was entered into Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS version 23) and analyzed using independent t-test, the Pearson product moment correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed a significant difference in self-esteem between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those that practice mixed ability (t = 3.55, p < .01), there was also a significant difference in academic achievement between students in schools that practice ability grouping and those in schools that practice mixed ability (t = 3.95, p < .01). The results further revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement (r=.340, p < .01) and that self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between Ability Practices and Academic Achievement (r = -.162, p < .01). It was concluded that the type of school a student attends, that is, whether it practices ability grouping or mixed ability will have an influence on his/her self-esteem and academic achievement. The results revealed that students in schools that practice ability grouping had higher self-esteem and academic achievement as compared to those in schools that practice mixed grouping. It is however noted that the results do not vary so highly, this implies that if both practices are moderately practiced, they can contribute to students’ self-esteem and academic achievement. It was recommended that educational stakeholders such as the Ministry of Education and Sports, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), teachers, school managers’ and curriculum developers should come up with a policy which should encourage and promote the practice of ability grouping in most secondary schools in the country as this raises learners’ self-esteem and improves on their academic achievement.
"Abortion? That's for women!" Narratives and experiences of commercial motorbike riders in South-Western Uganda.

(Women's Health and Action Research Center, 2005) Nyanzi, Stella ; Nyanzi, Barbara ; Kalina, Bessie

Although constitutionally illegal, induced abortion is a vital reproductive health option in Uganda. This paper analyses men's narratives about meanings of, and experiences with, abortion. Men play significant roles in abortion as instigators, facilitators, collaborators, transporters, advisors, informers, supporters or punishment givers. Many participants were knowledgeable about abortion. Attitudes were ambivalent, with initial reactions of denial and relegation of abortion to women's private domains. Further exploration, however, revealed active support and involvement of men. Interpretations of abortion ranged from 'dependable saviour' to 'deceptive sin'. Though a private action, abortion is socially scripted and often collectively determined by wider social networks of kinsmen, the community, peers, law and religion. A disjuncture exists between dominant public health discourse and the reality of local men who interact with women and girls as wives, lovers, sex sellers, mothers, daughters and sisters. Interventions targeting men about abortion should include safe sex education, provide safe abortion services and create stronger social support mechanisms. Policy and law should incorporate local knowledge and practice.
Abusive supervision, psychological capital and deviant work behaviors: case of workers of Brookside Limited

(Makerere University, 2023-01-16) Asizua, Kenneth Adibaku

The study aimed at investigating the relationship between abusive supervision, psychological capital and deviant work behaviors among staff of Brookside limited Uganda. A stratified sampling method was used on sample size of 100 respondents both male and female arrived at by using Krejcie and Morgan’s table (Krejcie & Morgan, 1970). Person product moment correlation coefficient was used to test hypotheses that focused on, examining the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant work behaviors, examining the relationship between abusive supervision and psychological capital, examining the relationship between psychological capital and deviant work behaviors and to examine whether psychological capital moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant workplace behaviors while regression analysis was used to test moderation. The results of the study showed that abusive supervision has a positive significant relationship with deviant work behavior, results also showed that abusive supervision had a negative significant relationship with psychological capital. The study results also showed that psychological capital and deviant work behaviors had a negative significant relationship. The study also showed that psychological capital moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and deviant work behavior. A conclusion was made that staff involvement in organization or individual deviant work behaviors is as a result of abusive supervision and low levels of psychological capital. Employers should increase the psychological capital of staff and reduce abusive supervision in the organization in order to eliminate deviant work behaviors.
Academic motivation, self-concept and academic achievement in English and Mathematics at Ordinary Level.

(Makerere University, 2012-03) Opio, George

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between Academic motivation, Academic self- concept and Academic achievement in English and Mathematics of Ordinary level students in Gulu Municipality. The study was guided by three objectives: to establish the relationship between academic motivation and academic self-concept, to establish the relationship between academic self concept and academic achievement, to establish the relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement. The study used a correlational design and the sample consisted of 311 students selected using census sampling technique. Data was collected using a standardized self administered close ended structured questionnaire that was filled by the senior four students who sat for Uganda national examinations in the year 2010. Data was analyzed using Pearson product moment correlation (r). A multiple regression analysis was also done to establish whether the independent variables were statistically significant predictors of the dependent variable. Results of the study showed that all the indicators of academic motivational goals (i.e. mastery, performance and social goals) had a significant positive relationship with academic self concept. Results also showed that academic self concept and academic achievement had a significant negative relationship. It was also established that there was a significant negative relationship between academic motivation and academic achievement, with all the indicators of academic motivation (i.e., mastery, performance and social) showing a significant negative relationship. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that it was only academic self concept that was statistically significant predictor of academic achievement. It was recommended that training and development in the areas of students self concepts, motivation and achievement should be addressed through the teachers’ development plans and that the enhancement of academic self concept is not only a task for teachers but that the other professionals, parents, policy makers, should also intervene. It is also necessary to give adequate and sufficient attention to self-concept and academic motivation and those stakeholders should be offered methodological guidance in order to work on these throughout the educational process, in order that this type of Psycho-educational intervention may serve as an avenue to improve academic achievement.
Accelerated education program provisions and teen mothers’ access to secondary education in Nakivale and Palorinya Refugee Settlements

(Makerere University, 2024-12) Piloya, Brenda

The study evaluated the influence of Accelerated Education Program (AEP) provisions on teen mothers' access to secondary education in Nakivale Refugee Settlement, Isingiro District and Palorinya Refugee Settlement, Obongi District. The specific objectives were to evaluate existing AEP provisions, examine the barriers affecting access to secondary education for teen mothers, and assess the influence of AEP provisions on teen mothers' educational outcomes, economic empowerment, and social and emotional well-being. Existing related literature put forward by different scholars and personalities on the effect of the Accelerated Education Program provisions on teen mothers’ access to secondary education was reviewed to highlight the deviations in the explanations and to find a research gap. Literature Sources included published articles, magazines, dissertations, e-books and journals. The study was guided by Intersectionality theory, considering the multiple dimensions of teen mothers’ lives, including gender, age, developmental stage, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, minority group status, and migration experience. The study employed a cross-sectional and a comparative research design, using a mixedmethods approach to collect data from 108 teen mothers and 09 AEP providers in Nakivale and Palorinya refugee settlements. The study used semi-structured interviews, selfadministered questionnaires, and 04 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 41 participants to collect data. The instruments were validated and reliability tested using Cronbach's Alpha, with a value of 0.729. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), with descriptive statistics and frequency distribution used to analyze demographic data. The study adhered to ethical considerations, ensuring anonymity, confidentiality, and informed consent from participants. The research aimed to evaluate the influence of Accelerated Education Program provisions on teen mothers' access to secondary education, exploring relationships between variables and gathering in-depth information on experiences, challenges, and perceptions over the same. The findings revealed significant relationships between AEP provisions and age bracket, marital status, and country of origin, highlighting the importance of tailoring AEP to meet diverse needs. AEP's effectiveness varied across districts, with favourable provisions in Obongi but not Isingiro. Economic conditions and childcare facilities were unfavourable in both districts. School level of joining AEP significantly influenced access to the program. The study recommends expanding AEP, ensuring adequate funding, and tailoring programs to address unique challenges faced by teen mothers, such as childcare and flexible scheduling while taking gender into consideration. Additionally, the study recommends providing childcare facilities and support, flexible scheduling and attendance options, targeted academic support and resources, economic empowerment and livelihood opportunities, and social & emotional support and counselling. By addressing these recommendations, AEPs can better support teen mothers in accessing secondary education and improving their overall wellbeing.
Access and utilisation of primary education services among children in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, Yumbe District of Northwestern, Uganda

(Makerere University, 2024-12) Akampurira, Wegner Turyahikayo Wilma

This study aimed to investigate the access and utilization of primary education as a service among refugee children in Bidibidi settlement, Yumbe district of north-western as well as explore their perceptions and experiences towards primary education services. To achieve these objectives, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The sample comprised of 150 refugee children from 6 schools in Bidibidi refugee settlement in Uganda, along with key stakeholders, including policy makers, service providers, implementers, and NGO representatives. Findings show that the number of refugee enrolled in primary schools within the settlement are higher as reported by all head teachers of the schools visited, refugee children reported that they felt safe at school, scholastic materials were provided by organisations to the refugee schools, schools in the settlement were reported to have conducive learning environment and children were able to progress from one level to another. However, challenges related to language barriers, absence of meals for learners while at school, long distances between schools and homes, inadequate infrastructure to serve large pupil populations, and financial constraints limiting refugee parents’ In conclusion, the government and partners have managed to achieve access as seen through the availability of primary schools within the settlement, refugee enrolment in schools, availability of learning infrastructure and presence of teachers. Despite these efforts, utilisation and quality are still lacking as a result of setbacks like long distances to school, absence of meals at school, high learner to teacher ratio, and inadequate learning infrastructure to accommodate learners’ population. The study recommends; increased infrastructure investment to match the growing population of refugee children, inclusive education policies to cater for the diverse refugee needs, integration of trauma-informed education approaches, investment in teacher training and recruitment to address the barriers of high learner to teacher ratios, engagement of refugee parents in income generating activities to boost their financial capacity and enable them support their children in schools and a meal provision plan for learners while at school.
Access and utilization of maternal healthcare services among pregnant women in Yei Sub County, Central Equatoria State South Sudan: a case study of Jigomoni and Aleru Health Centres

(Makerere University, 2023-11) Bida, Emmanuel Francis

The study set out to assess accessibility and utilization of maternal and child healthcare services in Sub County, central equatorial province South Sudan. This was in light of the view that despite massive investment of resources and attention to the different health facilities in the country by the government, there seems little progress registered in terms of reduction of maternal and child mortality rates. The study specifically sought to establish the nature of maternal and child health care services, explore factors that influence access and utilization of healthcare services and propose institutional level strategies to improve healthcare service delivery in Yei sub county. The study adopted descriptive research design so as to capture the historical and prevailing circumstance on the ground. To avoid unrealistic results, both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Qualitative data was collected using in-depth interviews, focus group discussion, and non-participant observation since it involves respondents‟ experiences, beliefs and attitudes while quantitative method was used to establish percentage of respondents by sex, name and others. Data was entered into the SPSS (version 23) computer programme and analyzed with descriptive statistical tools. The study established that are quite a number of MHCS offered to women by various health providers these include; Antenatal care, family planning services and immunization of their children among others. There is high level of awareness among women for the different MHCS provided in the different facilities but this is not matched with access and utilization due to long distances that have to be travelled by women to access care, the backward cultural norms and orientations which deter women from using facilities for fear of shame and loss of dignity, hostility displayed by health workers towards patients which scare off many women hence resort to use TBAs, the high transport costs which affect women especially in remote areas however, pregnancies perceived as risky make women by all means to seek care from experienced and trained physicians. It was recommended that Ministry of Health in South Sudan should increase the number of Community Health Centers in south Sudan for easy accessibility, adequate staff especially nurses should be appointed at the existing Health centers to reduce on the long waiting time, improve physical infrastructure, essential drugs supplies, equipment to improve the extremely difficult working conditions for staff and enable providers to offer quality care, education programmes to women of Christian, Islamic and traditionalist beliefs on the importance of Maternal Health and Childcare Service utilization which can be routed through religious and community leaders.
Access to and utilisation of maternal health care services: interrogating discrimination against women living with physical disabilities in Kawempe Division, Kampala

(Makerere University, 2023) Nyanjura, Doreen

The purpose of this study was to interrogate the multiple layers of discrimination against women living with physical disabilities in their access to and utilisation of maternal healthcare services in Kawempe Division, Kampala District, Uganda. My research reflects the need for advocating for gender equity and social justice in maternal health service delivery by identifying not only the obstacles that constrain women living with disabilities from accessing and utilising maternal health care, but also lists key recommendations necessary for policy reform. Overall, the study contributes towards conceptualising complex forms of discrimination, that is, the ways in which gender, sexuality and disability intersect to influence discrimination against women as guided by the theory of intersectionality. The study employed a qualitative case study research design as the most appropriate given it’s descriptive and explanatory nature, providing answers to “why” and “how” types of questions, and providing me with an opportunity of purposively collecting data using in-depth interviews, Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions. To this end, the results illustrate the experiences of women living with physical disabilities and how they cope against multiple forms of discrimination in their quest for access to and utilisation of maternal health service. In conclusion, my research findings propose structural and institutional recommendations that can inform policy makers and implementers of policy in Kawempe division.
Access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: gendered experiences of persons with physical disabilities in urban Kampala

(Makerere University, 2012) Ahumuza, Eva Sharon

In Uganda, like in many developing countries, issues of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) among Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) particularly those with physical disabilities have largely remained hidden. This study focused on the gendered sexual and reproductive health experiences of Persons with Physical Disabilities (PWPDs) in Urban Kampala. The study sought to examine the level of awareness of PWPDs’ SRHR, the influence of body image on PWPDs’ sexual experiences and their access and utilization of SRHR as well as assess the mechanisms available for protection and promotion of PWPDs’ SRHR in Urban Kampala. The study draws from qualitative and quantitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 PWPDs (20 male and 20 female) and 10 Key informant interviews with health workers, counselors and leaders of PWPDs and employees of agencies involved in disability related interventions at national level and within Kampala. Study findings revealed high levels of awareness about SRHR among male and female PWPDs in particular their rights to: reproduce, access to justice in case of sexual abuse and to choose intimate sexual partners. In addition, majority of the respondents (93% of the male and 95% of the female respondents) knew that they had a right to access reproductive health care and information services especially services related to STI diagnosis and treatment, HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services, antenatal care services and family planning services. In all the services, females had more knowledge than the males. There was however limited knowledge about abortion services because the practice is illegal. The major source of information on SRH for PWPDs in urban Kampala for majority of females (96%) than males (80%) was the health facilities. Other sources of information on SRH mentioned included; meetings/associations (41% female and 41% male), workshops (40% male and 35% female), radio (40% male) and schools (15% male and 5% female). Overall, just half male and more than half female respondents mentioned that antenatal care, family planning, STI diagnosis and treatment and HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services were within easy reach. Fifty percent (50%) male and 35% female of the study respondents reported that the facilities were inaccessible. While more female than male respondents have ever attended health facilities for different services including antenatal care, STI and HIV counseling and testing services, a number of challenges were highlighted including negative attitude of health workers, long queues at health facilities, distant health facilities and high cost of services. On reproductive rights, study findings show that majority female PWPDs had control over their reproductive lives with regard to the timing, number of children and type of contraception. On the influence of body image, slightly more male than female respondents were negatively affected by their physical appearance with regard to initiation of sexual activity, choice of intimate partner and access to and utilization of health services. Throughout the study PWPDs expressed their struggles to deal with societal attitudes and expectations particularly the belief that PWPDs should be asexual. Consequently discrimination especially for the males at the health centers was reported to be a major concern. Largely, awareness of laws that promote and protect the SRH for PWPDs was generally low among male and female respondents although majority of the respondents were aware of at least one structure involved in the promotion and protection of SRH for PWPDs. Structures mentioned included police, probation and welfare office, Kampala office for PWDs, courts of laws, community leaders. Although there are these structures in place, majority of respondents testified that PWPDs do not access justice in cases of sexual abuse. This was attributed to negative attitude of service providers. Communities and service providers’ negative attitudes emerged as a key constraint to PWPDs’ realization of their sexual and reproductive health rights. Thus both community members and service providers including health workers, police officers and legal staff should be sensitized on the rights and needs of PWPDs so as the adequately support the PWPDs. Sensitization efforts should also target PWPDs themselves to build their self-esteem and confidence and instill in them positive attitudes towards themselves. Government and non-government organizations should increase their levels of assistance to PWPDs and their caregivers to address the practical barriers in access of reproductive health services.
Access to and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services: Gendered experiences of persons with physical disabilities in urban Kampala.

(Makerere University, 2012) Ahumuza, Eva Sharon

In Uganda, like in many developing countries, issues of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) among Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) particularly those with physical disabilities have largely remained hidden. This study focused on the gendered sexual and reproductive health experiences of Persons with Physical Disabilities (PWPDs) in Urban Kampala. The study sought to examine the level of awareness of PWPDs’ SRHR, the influence of body image on PWPDs’ sexual experiences and their access and utilization of SRHR as well as assess the mechanisms available for protection and promotion of PWPDs’ SRHR in Urban Kampala. The study draws from qualitative and quantitative data collected through semi-structured interviews with 40 PWPDs (20 male and 20 female) and 10 Key informant interviews with health workers, counselors and leaders of PWPDs and employees of agencies involved in disability related interventions at national level and within Kampala. Study findings revealed high levels of awareness about SRHR among male and female PWPDs in particular their rights to: reproduce, access to justice in case of sexual abuse and to choose intimate sexual partners. In addition, majority of the respondents (93% of the male and 95% of the female respondents) knew that they had a right to access reproductive health care and information services especially services related to STI diagnosis and treatment, HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services, antenatal care services and family planning services. In all the services, females had more knowledge than the males. There was however limited knowledge about abortion services because the practice is illegal. The major source of information on SRH for PWPDs in urban Kampala for majority of females (96%) than males (80%) was the health facilities. Other sources of information on SRH mentioned included; meetings/associations (41% female and 41% male), workshops (40% male and 35% female), radio (40% male) and schools (15% male and 5% female). Overall, just half male and more than half female respondents mentioned that antenatal care, family planning, STI diagnosis and treatment and HIV/AIDS counseling and testing services were within easy reach. Fifty percent (50%) male and 35% female of the study respondents reported that the facilities were inaccessible. While more female than male respondents have ever attended health facilities for different services including antenatal care, STI and HIV counseling and testing services, a number of challenges were highlighted including negative attitude of health workers, long queues at health facilities, distant health facilities and high cost of services. On reproductive rights, study findings show that majority female PWPDs had control over their reproductive lives with regard to the timing, number of children and type of contraception. On the influence of body image, slightly more male than female respondents were negatively affected by their physical appearance with regard to initiation of sexual activity, choice of intimate partner and access to and utilization of health services. Throughout the study PWPDs expressed their struggles to deal with societal attitudes and expectations particularly the belief that PWPDs should be asexual. Consequently discrimination especially for the males at the health centers was reported to be a major concern. Largely, awareness of laws that promote and protect the SRH for PWPDs was generally low among male and female respondents although majority of the respondents were aware of at least one structure involved in the promotion and protection of SRH for PWPDs. Structures mentioned included police, probation and welfare office, Kampala office for PWDs, courts of laws, community leaders. Although there are these structures in place, majority of respondents testified that PWPDs do not access justice in cases of sexual abuse. This was attributed to negative attitude of service providers. Communities and service providers’ negative attitudes emerged as a key constraint to PWPDs’ realization of their sexual and reproductive health rights. Thus both community members and service providers including health workers, police officers and legal staff should be sensitized on the rights and needs of PWPDs so as the adequately support the PWPDs. Sensitization efforts should also target PWPDs themselves to build their self-esteem and confidence and instill in them positive attitudes towards themselves. Government and non-government organizations should increase their levels of assistance to PWPDs and their caregivers to address the practical barriers in access of reproductive health services.
Access to childcare services among children living with imprisoned mothers in Masaka Women Prison

(Makerere University, 2022) Mutiti, Stella

In different parts of the globe, the number of children incarcerated with their mothers in prisons has greatly increased. Growing up in a prison environment is identified with several implications for the growth of children. Like children in home and community settings, children incarcerated with their mothers in prison are entitled to childcare services. However, information on the access of childcare services by children incarcerated with their mothers is scanty. Upon this background therefore, the study sought to examine access to childcare services among children living with their imprisoned mothers in Masaka Women Prison. A cross sectional case study design was adopted utilizing qualitative approaches. 15 in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers living with their children in Masaka Women Prison. Four Key informant interviews with Prison officials were also conducted. Non-probability sampling techniques were used to identify mothers imprisoned with their children. Thematic analysis was used to analyze data where key concepts, ideas and themes were identified, coded and patterns in the data categorized. Study findings reveal although the Prison Act stipulates the circumstances under which a child can be incarcerated with the mother, the act is not much followed when deciding whether the child should be incarcerated with the mother or not. Most of the mothers who were incarcerated with their children argued that they wouldn’t have wished to be imprisoned with their children if there was an alternative. While study results indicate that the need for childcare services for children incarcerated with their mothers, most of these services are not partially accessed. In situations where childcare services are provided to the children, they are either inadequate or occasionally provided. In addition, most of the childcare services are provided through donations either from religious institutions or other well-wishers. However, these have to provide the services within the existing prison policies and laws. Nonetheless, the study identifies open partnership policy, availability of human resources and the good relationship with the donor/well wishers as opportunities to strengthen access to childcare services. In conclusion, Children incarcerated with their mothers in prison require a serious childcare service intervention if a holistic growth and development of these children is something to think about. While there is access to some childcare services for these children, it is still early for the prison authority to jubilate success in the provision of childcare services. This is because a number of inhibiting factors were reported by the study findings ranging from poor quality of the services, inadequacy of the services provided and the procedural tendencies associated with access to the services. It is therefore recommended that more resources be committed to the childcare services for children living with their imprisoned mothers or else the poor care environments in prisons these children are exposed to, mean that they face even a harsher sentence than their parents do.
Access to educational services for the physically impaired pupils under the universal primary education in Uganda: A case study of Kampala District

(Makerere University, 2008) Nanyonga, Dorothy

Education is one of the basic social services the country can offer its people because it positively affects socio - economic behaviors such as productivity in the workplace, living standards, demographic, reproductive and health behavior. Despite it being one of the basic human rights, children with disabilities have, over the years, persistently faced problems in attaining this social service. They comprise one of the most socially excluded groups in all societies. The World Bank asserts that in developing countries, the vast majority of these children receive no education, are absent in school datasets and are invisible on the national policy agenda. The current NRM Government attaches great importance to the development of education in Uganda for it recognizes the fact that education is a powerful tool for the transformation of society. This is clearly stipulated in its 1995 constitution where Article 30 of the constitution states. “All persons have a right to education”. [the disabled inclusive].This also partly explains why the Government of Uganda launched the free Universal Primary Education in January 1997. Some of its key features was that children with disabilities should have priority over the non – disabled children. However, the program has not effectively catered for the special education needs of children with physical disabilities. Statistics show that actually there is no increased enrollment of the disabled children despite this free government education program. There has actually been a problem in the accessibility to educational services by the physically impaired pupils under Universal Primary Education program and reasons for this have been unknown so this called for a scientific investigation to explore the socio-economic, socio cultural and policy factors that explains this problem; a task this study undertook. The study was carried out in Kampala district, and respondents were selected from at least each division among the five divisions of this district. The sample size was 70 respondents in the categories of head teachers of primary schools, pupils with physical disabilities, able-bodied pupils; officials from the Ministry of Education, officials from the NGO related sector and parents of the disabled children. The findings of the study revealed that actually the issue of accessibility by the physically impaired pupils under the Universal Primary education is affected by many factors which can be categorized under the school related, policies/laws and social-economic/cultural factors. Under the school related factors it was noted that the nature of the schools is not user friendly. Most of them are double storeyed, with no ramps but instead they have steps. Schools have no teachers trained in special needs education, no special curriculum, high teacher pupil ratio and over congestion in the classrooms. Under the policies related factors it was realized that there are a number of good International and local policies that are in place advocating for the education of children with physical disabilities. However, the problem lies in the fact that they are not effectively implemented and enforced hence leaving them good on paper but not serving their major objectives. Socio- cultural/socio-economic factors showed that negative attitudes towards children with disabilities stem right from their homes where they are born and this forces their parents to deny them their basic rights like a right to education. Negative attitudes coupled with the high levels of poverty in Uganda really aggregate the problem of accessibility to education. Education of children with disabilities is very expensive the parent needs to buy assistive devices like wheel chairs, white cane sticks, which the government does not provide through its UPE Program. More to this the community at large also has negative attitudes towards these children so they do not give them enough support when it comes to accessing this social service yet they are also some of the major key players. Negative attitudes then later stretches to the children themselves and they lose their self esteem and some end up performing poorly in class while others drop out of school. The research therefore recommends that if the problem of accessibility to educational services by the physically impaired pupils under the UPE Program is to be solved, there must be an integrated interplay between all these factors and interventions from all the sectors to make their education a reality. However, more emphasis should be laid on the government intervention since all the factors rotate around its support as the founding member of UPE.
Access to healthcare services: a case of refugees living in Kawempe, Kampala City

(Makerere University, 2023-01) Ddamulira, Dianah

Refugees constitute some of the most vulnerable population in the World. They may be bypassed by development because of discriminative policies, lack of identity, and weak administration systems. This study examined factors affecting access to healthcare services by refugees in Kawempe, Kampala City. The specific objectives were: to assess the status of access to healthcare services by refugees in Kawempe, Kampala City, to assess responses that facilitate access to healthcare services by refugees in Kawempe, Kampala City, to assess the effects of healthcare services on refugees in Kawempe, Kampala City. Exploratory case study design was used, involving mixed research approaches. Semi-structured questions were used to obtain participant experiences about healthcare in Kawempe in line with the study objectives. There were 18 refugee participants and 15 health workers who participated in the study. The statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) was used to precisely organise, analyse data and present standard tabulated descriptive results. Detailed explanations were given for the numerical representation of results. It was found that; Refugees: All refugees accessed healthcare services (100 percent). Healthcare services were relatively affordable (78 percent). Proximity levels were high (94 percent). The quality of healthcare services was high (89 percent). And most refugees went to private healthcare facilities (83 percent). Healthcare Practitioners: Most healthcare practitioners reported high access levels to healthcare services (87 percent). Most healthcare practitioners could not confirm proximity to healthcare facilities (60 percent). The healthcare services were generally affordable (73 percent). The quality of healthcare services provided was high (89 percent). Effective responses were done, involving offering client-centered services (56 percent) were greatest response reported by refugees, and institution of refugee-focused services (33 percent) that ensured refugee-friendliness in care Healthcare practitioners confirmed wellness among refugees (47 percent) while 61 percent of refugees were recovering fully. Refugees accessed healthcare freely in facilities of their choice and effective responses were done to ensure good health and recovery for the sick. In conclusion, refugees accessed all the care and services they needed from both private and public facilities, depending on extent of the case, income levels, and affordability to meet the costs of healthcare.
Access to information and the right to health: A case of mothers seeking antenatal care services in Mulago Hospital.

(Makerere University, 2012-07) Watera, Josephine

This study investigated the association between access to information and the right to health for mothers seeking Ante-Natal (ANC) services in Mulago Hospital. This was against the background that access to health information is a basic need and right and that, despite this, mothers especially those seeking maternal health services are still lacking effective access to it. The study attempted to; explore the knowledge of mothers on access to information as a right to health; analyse the information needs of mothers seeking antenatal health care; investigate available channels of accessing information for mothers seeking antenatal care; and to discuss the barriers to access of health information by mothers seeking antenatal care services. The study was informed by an important theory in health care delivery, namely, the Health Belief Model. It also borrows concepts from the Human Right Based Approach to health. Using a case study of Mulago Hospital, quantitative and qualitative approaches were engaged to conduct the study. Data was collected through Exit Client Interviews involving 98 mothers seeking ANC services, 2 Focus Group Discussions and 10 Key Informant Interviews and secondary sources. Quantitative–descriptive as well as thematic analysis was undertaken in the process of data analysis and interpretation of findings. The findings indicate that access to information is the one most vital element for one to realize the right to health. The results show that the background characteristics of mothers influenced their knowledge of and desire to claim their right to health. Most mothers reported to have knowledge of the elements of the right to health though they could not clearly relate this to access to information. Many mothers usually have specific information needs as they seek ANC services though some of these miss out on meeting these needs. The mothers reported to have used a number of channels to access information. The study found out that ANC classes and the health provider-client interactions were the commonly used and also most preferred. A number of barriers were noted as mothers struggled to access health information. This included language barriers, outdated information, limited time, difficulty in interpretation among others. The study concludes that access to information is paramount in realizing the right to health and reducing the diseases burden. The health providers and government of Uganda should fight to remove any barriers.
Access to justice by war victims in Northern Uganda : A case study of Apala Subcounty, Alebtong District

( 2019-11-06) Omara, Alexander

This research basically looked at the plights of the war victims in northern Uganda taking Apala sub-county as a case study , and it gave clear perspectives of the feelings and intentions of the victims regarding justice in the post conflict region that lasted for over two decades in the hands of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the government forces, the Uganda People's Defense Forces (UPDF) in which a number of people lost their lives, children conscripted into the army against their will, rape, looting, pillage and destruction of property was the agenda of the day. The purpose of the study was to find out the reasons why war victims say there is no justice when the government and the non-state actors are doing a lot to bring justice. With the specific objectives aimed at finding out what the victims understand by the term justice, what has been done to bring about the realization of justice by the war victims in Apala subcounty , assess what has been achieved by people as a result of the measures being taking to provide justice, finding out the war victims complains about the justice mechanisms being provided, whether it is genuine, and to find out what the victims want to enable access to justice. In relation to her past, Northern Uganda has been grappling with issues to find a lasting solution for dealing with the negative implications of the insurgency, but several challenges still remain very strong obstacles ranging from corruption, admissibility, practicability, implementation systems and complementarily, and there still remain ambiguity in issues of responsibility, accountability and forgiveness which still remain very vital and instrumental elements that should be achieved in order to ensure that justice for the victims of the atrocities prevail and is granted to them in order to enable them live in peace and harmony. The study revealed an overwhelming need for reparation, impartiality in court proceedings, proper needs assessments, allocation of more resources, as remedies for the atrocities committed by the LRA and the UPDF.
Access to land and reintegration of formerly abducted women in Gulu District, Northern Uganda

(Makerere University, 2022-07) Bodi, Suzan

New Wars differ in nature and context from Old Wars. As a result, more civilians, and therefore an increasing number of women and children, suffer the structural damages of this kind of conflict. These range from abduction at a young age and abuse while in captivity. Reintegration of these victims of conflict is thus vital for realizing peace and stability. Despite having come back home over a decade ago and undergone various reintegration programs, many formerly abducted women in Gulu who came back with children born in captivity are faced with various challenges to reintegration. This qualitative study explored the impact of access to land on reintegration of formerly abducted women who came back with children born in captivity; many of whose paternity is not known, with the aim of establishing how access to land would fully reintegrate them. The study examined the nature of these formerly abducted women, the norms regarding access to land for women in Gulu, and the challenges of reintegration. Using a cross-sectional design, the researcher employed various tools for data collection like; Focus group discussions with the formerly abducted mothers, and members of the community. Key informant interviews were held with Local government officials, religious and cultural leaders. Data collected was presented and analyzed into themes in accordance with the specific objectives. The study revealed that perception of society is a defining factor for many of these women and their children and it has resulted in where they live, and what they do to earn a living. Land in Gulu is owned by the clan and the practices of succession and access are gender insensitive and chauvinistic, as land is passed on to male descendants and very little apportioned to women. Government and relevant authorities should come up with strategies to ensure that these women and their children have access to ownership and use of land so as to fully reintegrate them and their children and mitigate the possibility of conflict recurring.
Access to maternal, sexual and reproductive health services by persons with disabilities in the central region of Uganda

(Makerere University, 2024-11) Ndagire, Florence

Persons with disabilities are a marginalised population, and their access to Maternal, Sexual and Reproductive Health (MSRH) has been neglected for decades due to social and cultural myths, beliefs and misconceptions regarding disability. Although there has been a tremendous improvement in access to MSRH services for people without disabilities globally, persons with disabilities in Uganda continue to face significant barriers in access to reproductive health and related services. These include attitudinal, institutional (in the form of policies and laws that discriminate persons with disabilities), environmental and physical barriers, and barriers to functional reproductive related information in accessible formats. It is therefore important to investigate access to MSRH services by persons with disabilities in Uganda, especially in the COVID-19 era where access to the above services has become increasingly difficult. This was a qualitative research methodology. The research design was phenomenological and descriptive (Groenewald, 2004). Phenomenological studies examine human experiences through the descriptions provided by the people involved, in this case persons with disabilities (Parse et al., 1985). The goal of phenomenological research design is to describe the meanings that experiences hold for each subject. I interviewed 40 persons with disabilities as in-depth respondents and 20 key informants from the districts of Kampala, Luwero, Wakiso and Mpigi. Data was analysed using NVivo software that supported the identification of themes presented in these findings. The findings reveal significant higher, institutional, attitudinal and individual barriers to accessing MSRH services for persons with disabilities. Higher level barriers include the lack of a deliberate policy that mainstreams the MSRH needs of persons with disabilities. Institutional barriers include inaccessible health facilities and inaccessible health information. Attitudinal barriers encompass prejudice, discrimination, stigma and stereotyping on the part of health workers. Individual barriers include: the individual’s lack of knowledge of contraceptives; their perceptions about family planning; cultural beliefs and misconceptions surrounding the Person with Disabilities; their distance from home to the hospital; the lack of support from their family; and the lack of their informed consent in the provision of MSRH services. Barriers substantially associated with COVID-19 included the lack of transport to attend MSRH services, the lack of prioritization of MSRH needs (such as converting MSRH centres into COVID-19 treatment centres), and the limiting of the number of times persons with disabilities might attend antenatal and postnatal care. This study reveals significant barriers in access to MSRH services for persons with disabilities, calling for deliberate strategies to promote inclusive MSRH services in line with Article 25 of the Convention on the Rights of persons with disabilities (CRPD) and Goals Three and Five of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Access to microcredit by business women groups case study: Letshego Microfinance Uganda Limited, Kireka Branch

(Makerere University, 2024-06) Anek, Christine

Microfinance is a tool used by many financial institutions that come up with the idea to empower women and bring them out of poverty. Usually, many microfinances operate in communities, which are highly populated, with many women engaged in small businesses but without collateral to give as security to acquire loans in commercial banks. Therefore, micro financial institutions often target such women. The purpose of the study was to assess the factors affecting access to microcredit among businesswomen groups that bank with Letshego Microfinance Uganda Ltd. specifically the study set out: to establish the factors that determine access to microcredit among business women groups in Letshego Microfinance Uganda Ltd; to examine the challenges facing business women groups in accessing microcredit from Letshego Microfinance Uganda Ltd; and to suggest strategies for improving access to microcredit among business women groups in Letshego Microfinance Uganda Ltd. The research used a case study design and adopted the qualitative approach. Primary data was collected from focus groups discussion constituted of women who are the customers of Letshego and Key informants using in-depth interview guides. Key informant included women leaders, Loan officers, local councils, and Branch Manager. The findings revealed little effort in access to financial services by businesswomen. Women still face many obstacles to get access to these services such as hindrances from their husbands who stop them from joining women groups, and family responsibility which is a great burden to the women. Therefore, the study noted that there is more need to sensitize the household unit about the presence of microfinance and engage men about the benefits of microfinance.
Access to microfinance services by persons with disabilities in Uganda : the case of BRAC and Pride Microfinance Institutions

(Makerere University, 2020-12) Mukasa, Joseph

The purpose of the current study was to examine the nature and level of access to microfinance services by Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in Uganda taking BRAC and Pride as case studies. Specifically, the study examined the perception of microfinance providers towards serving PWDs, the categories of PWDs accessing microfinance services and the interventions microfinance services providers have put in place to enhance access to their services by PWDs. The study adopted a qualitative approach and in-depth interviews and observation were the main methods used to collect data from staff of microfinance institutions as the primary participants and their clients with disabilities. A total of nineteen (19) participants were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was thematically analysed and presented descriptively with the support of field voices. Results of the study suggest that, depending on the category and degree of the disability, microfinance providers perceive PWDs as any other client without disability, or as people who deserve charity or as risky clients who lack the ability to effectively run business. Thus, Persons with physical disability are perceived to be like any other persons without disability whereas the deaf, blind and dumb are considered to be risky clients who cannot use services like credit productively and be able to pay back. Such a category of PWDs is not looked at as potential clients of Microfinance institutions and therefore deserve to get charity from voluntary organisations. It is evident from the study findings that only persons with mild physical disability and the partially blind had access to microfinance services. This is attributed to the business management ability envisaged in them by microfinance providers and the ability to meet criteria as opposed to dumb, deaf and totally blind who are looked at as having no ability to effectively run business and also because of communication barriers find it extremely difficult to meet the criteria set by MFIs. The study findings confirm the generality of microfinance institutions’ interventions to serve the poor. Notably: Mobile phone banking, Community Banking and small-size loans which address the general concerns of the poor and not deliberately the special needs of PWDs. This explains the limited participation of PWDs in the microfinance industry in Uganda. Hence MFIs are hereby recommended to formulate and implement policies that accommodate the special needs of PWDs to ensure fair access to microfinance services and to enable them unleash their economic potentials like their counterparts without disabilities.
Access to primary education in refugee settlements: A case of Bidibidi Refugee Settlement in Uganda

(Makerere University, 2019-09) Kagisha, Kellen Karen

Obtaining quality education is not only a fundamental human right but also a tool for recovery in times of emergencies for refugee children. Therefore, providing access to inclusive, safe, protective and child-friendly education for refugee children remains a priority in Uganda. A favorable and legal and policy framework exists protecting the right to education of refugees. Nevertheless, several factors continue to affect refugees from accessing primary education in Bidibidi refugee settlement. Most of these factors are not unique to Bidibidi. These factors include low absorption capacity of government primary schools, shortage of qualified teachers, inadequate sanitary facilities, violence against children in school, the language of instruction, costs of education among others. In addition, under the stress and pressure of displacement, many adolescents and/or families prioritize the short-term benefits of early marriage, domestic labor at home or elsewhere or wage-earning activities. Some interventions have been undertaken by civil society organizations in partnership with the Government of Uganda (GoU) and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). However, these interventions collectively, fall short of ensuring that state responsibility on the right to education under international human rights law for refugees. Therefore, context-specific and sustainable responses based are still required to ensure the fulfillment of refugees’ right to education, responding to the ambition of inclusive and equitable quality education by 2030.

Browse

Browsing College of Humanities and Social Sciences (CHuSS) by Title

Results Per Page

Sort Options