School of Liberal and Performing Arts (SLPA) Collections

Permanent URI for this collection

http://10.29.1.53:4000/handle/10570/189

Browse

Browsing School of Liberal and Performing Arts (SLPA) Collections by Title

  • Item
    Access and utilisation of primary education services among children in Bidibidi Refugee Settlement, Yumbe District of Northwestern, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Akampurira, Wegner Turyahikayo Wilma
    This study aimed to investigate the access and utilization of primary education as a service among refugee children in Bidibidi settlement, Yumbe district of north-western as well as explore their perceptions and experiences towards primary education services. To achieve these objectives, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The sample comprised of 150 refugee children from 6 schools in Bidibidi refugee settlement in Uganda, along with key stakeholders, including policy makers, service providers, implementers, and NGO representatives. Findings show that the number of refugee enrolled in primary schools within the settlement are higher as reported by all head teachers of the schools visited, refugee children reported that they felt safe at school, scholastic materials were provided by organisations to the refugee schools, schools in the settlement were reported to have conducive learning environment and children were able to progress from one level to another. However, challenges related to language barriers, absence of meals for learners while at school, long distances between schools and homes, inadequate infrastructure to serve large pupil populations, and financial constraints limiting refugee parents’ In conclusion, the government and partners have managed to achieve access as seen through the availability of primary schools within the settlement, refugee enrolment in schools, availability of learning infrastructure and presence of teachers. Despite these efforts, utilisation and quality are still lacking as a result of setbacks like long distances to school, absence of meals at school, high learner to teacher ratio, and inadequate learning infrastructure to accommodate learners’ population. The study recommends; increased infrastructure investment to match the growing population of refugee children, inclusive education policies to cater for the diverse refugee needs, integration of trauma-informed education approaches, investment in teacher training and recruitment to address the barriers of high learner to teacher ratios, engagement of refugee parents in income generating activities to boost their financial capacity and enable them support their children in schools and a meal provision plan for learners while at school.
  • Item
    Access to justice by war victims in Northern Uganda : A case study of Apala Subcounty, Alebtong District
    ( 2019-11-06) Omara, Alexander
    This research basically looked at the plights of the war victims in northern Uganda taking Apala sub-county as a case study , and it gave clear perspectives of the feelings and intentions of the victims regarding justice in the post conflict region that lasted for over two decades in the hands of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and the government forces, the Uganda People's Defense Forces (UPDF) in which a number of people lost their lives, children conscripted into the army against their will, rape, looting, pillage and destruction of property was the agenda of the day. The purpose of the study was to find out the reasons why war victims say there is no justice when the government and the non-state actors are doing a lot to bring justice. With the specific objectives aimed at finding out what the victims understand by the term justice, what has been done to bring about the realization of justice by the war victims in Apala subcounty , assess what has been achieved by people as a result of the measures being taking to provide justice, finding out the war victims complains about the justice mechanisms being provided, whether it is genuine, and to find out what the victims want to enable access to justice. In relation to her past, Northern Uganda has been grappling with issues to find a lasting solution for dealing with the negative implications of the insurgency, but several challenges still remain very strong obstacles ranging from corruption, admissibility, practicability, implementation systems and complementarily, and there still remain ambiguity in issues of responsibility, accountability and forgiveness which still remain very vital and instrumental elements that should be achieved in order to ensure that justice for the victims of the atrocities prevail and is granted to them in order to enable them live in peace and harmony. The study revealed an overwhelming need for reparation, impartiality in court proceedings, proper needs assessments, allocation of more resources, as remedies for the atrocities committed by the LRA and the UPDF.
  • Item
    Acholi popular music and socio-politics: Music in the peace process in the war-torn Northern Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2010-11) Wadiru, Stella
    This dissertation is about the relationship between Acholi popular music on war and the peace process among the Acholi people in northern Uganda. In this dissertation, ‘Acholi popular music’ is music created and performed by artists from Acholi who produce music for commercial purposes, which is mostly disseminated over the media. Although scholarly research has been done about the war and peace process in northern Uganda, the contribution of Acholi popular music in the peace process has received little scholarly attention. This study, therefore, examines the contribution of Acholi popular music in the peace process, focusing on how and what the music communicates in relation the peace process. I analyze the song texts and images in music videos of selected music on war, highlighting how texts and images enhance an understanding of peace process in northern Uganda. I also draw on ethnographic research in Gulu District (northern Uganda), using extracts from semi-structured feedback interviews with individuals and focus-group discussions to show how informants interpret songs and music videos about the peace process. I translate the song texts into English for the messages in the music to be accessed by any member of the audience who does not speak Luo, the language of the Acholi. I argue that there is a reciprocal relationship between the Acholi popular music and the peace process in northern Uganda. As such, the music describes the peace process, while the socio-political situation in the peace process shapes the musical ideas. The music analysis in this study is therefore, informed by theories that advocate for examination of music as cultural context. I specifically use: 1) the concept of dialectical relationship between music and its cultural context (Nannyonga-Tamusuza 2005); 2) music as a means to express views of war victims and refugees (Reyes 1999); and 3) music communications theory, especially Steven Feld’s (1994) view of social construction and interpretation of musical meaning. The study reveals that Acholi popular music is a participant voice of the Acholi people to call for an end of the war in northern Uganda. The musicians have communicated that military means to end the war creates fear among the civilians and leads to loss of lives, as well as showing that the war in northern Uganda is not only an Acholi issue but should be looked at as a national and international problem. This study, however, examines only how music has been a medium for communicating about the peace process in northern Uganda. I, therefore, recommend that further research should investigate how the awareness through the music can lead more actors with influence on the rebels to put pressure on them to end the war.
  • Item
    Adaptation of small-scale livestock range farmers to climate change impacts in Nakasongola District
    (Makerere University, 2017) Nakibengo, Prossy
    The effects of climate change are progressively felt within the community, especially among vulnerable social groups like small-scale livestock farmers. This is due to their production systems that are nature based and greatly rely on ecosystems such as dry rangelands, water stock and pastures. Adaptation by small-scale livestock farmers to a reasonable extent depends on their local knowledge base about climatic change; perception and conceptualization of the drivers and their responsive capacities. A study was therefore done to establish functional local knowledge base, awareness impact and adaptation of small-scale livestock range farmers‘ to climate change impacts in Nakasongola district. The study was undertaken in Wabinyonyi Sub-County, Ssaasira parish, one of the most cattle grazing parishes with majority of its inhabitants depending on livestock for livelihood. Respondents were small-scale cattle keepers of 2-20 herds. A sample of 94 farmers was used in the study in addition to the key informants. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 for windows. Results showed that small-scale livestock farmers‘ knowledge base is based on unusual changes in climate and weather patterns such as; extreme and prolonged weather events resulting in changes in timing of and conditions for grazing and also cropping seasons. Some of the drivers of climatic change were mentioned as anthropogenic activities such as massive deforestation for wood fuel and charcoal burning. Some of the cultural imputations about drivers of climatic change were associated with sorcery and witchcraft. Climate change adaptation strategies in the study area are several such as: early morning grazing, exchange of animals for grazing rights to other people with better grazing grounds, selling off cattle during prolonged dry spells, reservedly fencing off part of the land to use during the dry season, burning dry grass in anticipation of better grass and as a catalyst for rains, and moving long distances in search of water. Limited knowledge about climatic change drivers, pressures and negligence by small-scale livestock farmers limits the preparedness and adaptive capacity. Some of the adaptive strategies like periodic bush burning during the dry seasons were counterproductive to climatic change mitigation and adaptation efforts. The study concludes that small-scale livestock farmers‘ resilience to climatic change impacts is low and needs to be enhanced. However, the local knowledge is based more on the observed weather and climatic changes rather than on properly conceptualized drivers and pressures. This limits not only adaptive capacities but also efforts to improve their resilience to adaptation and mitigation efforts against climatic change impacts.
  • Item
    Adequate marriage preparation as a basis for stability in families : a case study of Jinja Karoli Parish, Kampala Archdiocese
    (Makerere University, 2020-12) Ssenkusu, Emmanuel
    The topic dealt with in this study was Adequate Marriage Preparation as a Basis for Stability in Families (case Study, Jinja Karoli Parish Kampala Archdiocese). The study intended to contribute to the development of the theory and practices for enhancement of adequate marriage preparation in order to achieve stability in families. The study targeted the Catholics of Jinja Karoli Parish and looked at their various specifications such as gender, age group, marital status and occupation. The study found out that people were aware of the fact that many families in Jinja Karoli parish are experiencing instabilities. The principle cause of these instabilities in families was inadequate marriage preparation due to the laxity of some of the parties responsible for marriage preparation. In this research, Interview guides, Questionnaire, Observation, Book review methods and internet were used during investigations and collection of data. Chapter One provides an introduction to the whole research work. Chapter Two examined the available literature in relation to the topic. The material for this chapter was got from the library and the internet. Chapter Three presents the methodology employed in gathering data on the topic of study, that is; research design, study procedures, sampling procedures, data collection procedures, and the techniques of data organisation, analysis and interpretation. In Chapter Four, the researcher analytically presented the research findings from the field basing on the objectives of the study and some of the finding include: The study indicated that, in Jinja Karoli Parish, marriage preparation is mainly carried out by religious leaders such as the priests, deacons and catechists by instructing people and organizing several moments intended to offer marriage preparation to the people. Unfortunately the other parties responsible for marriage preparation such as the parents and the relatives pay less attention due to various reasons which were given by the respondents. In the study various ways of enhancing adequate marriage preparation were suggested by the respondents. The respondents gave the expected outcomes of adequate marriage preparation in promotion of stability in families. They finally recommended that adequate marriage preparation should always be promoted in Jinja Karoli Parish because of its many importances which lead to stability in families. Chapter Five involved the discussion of findings, limitations and implications of the study. Chapter Six comprised of conclusions and recommendations. The study clearly showed that adequate marriage preparation leads to stability in families.
  • Item
    Adopting the restorative justice system in policing: A study based on criminal intelligence and investigations directorate in Uganda Police Force
    (Makerere University, 2015-07) China, Frank Hassan
    The study was confined to the Jurisdiction of Central and Katwe Police Stations, and the Directorate of Criminal Investigations and Intelligence Headquarters Kibuli, all in Kampala district. This was because in the annual crime report of 2011/2012 Kampala had reported the highest crime rate and serious crime violations. The study set out to determine whether a problem solving multi-sectorial approach addresses the needs of the community as opposed to formal Criminal Justice System adopted by Police in Kampala, procedures of establishing partnership between the Police and Communities and to assess the likely impact of Restorative justice and punitive led Investigations as an approach in maintaining peace and harmony in communities. The study adopted a comparative design and employed both quantitative and qualitative techniques. The study found out that prevention is better than cure. A person is more likely to be deterred from committing a crime through the fear of the likelihood of being caught rather than the fear of a severe penalty. The study further revealed that police must change its retributive approach in handling crime and that the current main contender for an alternative approach to criminal justice is not crime prevention but restorative justice. The researcher makes several recommendations, which include Police to be aware of the community needs, Policing by consent not coercion, The Police as part of the community not apart from it, the Police and Community and other agencies working together in partnership, Increased trust and understanding between the Police and the community and recognizing each other's roles and responsibilities, Police to continuously identify areas of collaboration with the local communities, continued joint police and local authorities sensitization on crime prevention and the importance of restorative justice system.
  • Item
    Adoption of agroforestry in HIV/AIDS affected households of Lwengo District, Uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2013-10) Behwera, Wilson
    The study focused on adoption of agroforestry in HIV/AIDS affected households of Lwengo district in the sub counties of Kyazanga and Malongo purposively selected due to a high HIV/AIDS prevalence and long history of agroforestry and sought to: (i) establish and characterize the agroforestry practices, (ii) assess factors that influence choice and adoption of agro forestry practices, (iii) analyze how HIV/AIDS affects the adoption of agroforestry practices (iv) examine how agroforestry impacts on HIV/AIDS affected households in Lwengo District. Focus group discussions, observations, Interviews guides and questionnaires were used to collect which were later analysd using content analyses, SPSS version 13.0 and rank correlation Findings revealed that seven agroforestry practices were practiced in Lwengo with woodlots as the most dominant followed by, windbreakers/shelters, home gardens, live fencing, improved fallow, boundary planting and ally cropping respectively adopted by households affected by HIV/AIDS and those that are not. Results further indicated that HIV/AIDS was not the major factor affecting agroforestry and income was the most important benefit of agroforestry to households affected by HIV/AIDS. The study concludes that HIV/AIDS does not significantly affect adoption of agroforestry but knowledge is the most important factor, and that agroforestry continues to be adopted due to the associated benefits of income, improved nutrition, herbal medicine and enhanced food production. The study recommends that extension services in agroforestry with mainstreamed HIV/AIDS be strengthened since HIV/AIDS negatively affects adoption of agroforestry.
  • Item
    Affirmative action policies and women’s access to land: A study of Mpunge Sub County, Mukono District
    (Makerere University, 2016-11) Tazalika, Sylivia
    The study investigated Affirmative Action Policies and Women’s Access to Land in Mpunge Sub County; Mukono District using an exploratory study design. It was based upon a purposively selected sample of 40 key informants including Local Council (LC) Executives from Mpunge village, 60 community members, officials from the District Land Board and officials from Ministry of Lands, Housing and Urban Development. The study had a strong qualitative orientation and analysis of the findings was therefore by interpretive techniques including coding and content analysis. The major findings of the study were that on the institutional benchmarks for addressing women access to land in Uganda, the country had an admirable policy framework.TheGoU ratified CED AW and is party to the ACHPR (1981) which emphasizes the elimination of discrimination against women. The country was also a signatory to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948); the Md Gs and it had endorsed the East African Community Treaty which acknowledges the important role played by women in socio-economic development and in business. The country was governed by the recommendations from world conferences in Mexico (1975) , Copenhagen (1980) , Nairobi (1985) and Beijing (1995) which point out how discrimination affects women's ability to inherit, own and control property. The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda (1995) was found to be a basis for legislation that have been adopted and implemented in the recent years, like the 1997 Local Government Act and the 1998Land Act. These laws include an increase of women in decision-making positions and the prohibition of those customs, traditions and practices that deny women access to ownership,occupation or use of any land. The LC Court system as presently applied in Uganda is an effort to complement the formal with more informal courts, in order to bring justice closer to the people. In addition, one third of the members of the executive committees at parish and village level, and one fifth of the executive committee secretaries of the other local councils have to be women. The major determinants of women’s access to land included; custom and tradition practices, financial stability, knowledge of land legislation, access to justice systems and legal pluralism. Some of the strategies proposed to improve and promote women’s access to land included creating awareness about land legislation among community members as well as local leaders, increase women economic empowerment. It was also important to discourage customs, practices and traditions that violate women’s land rights. The study recommended that the GoU continue its impressive commitment towards international obligations regarding rights of women; the LC Court system should be equipped with adequate and trained staff to handle cases of violation of land rights. The Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development should liaise with other actors in identifying and drawing attention to key gender concerns and related needs, e.g. property ownership, land tenure, credit, legal rights, as well as relevant options for addressing them such as constitutional guarantees, law reforms and literacy campaigns.
  • Item
    AGOA policy awareness and its impact on the agro processing and marketing industry in Uganda: A case of Wakiso farmers’ associations.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Nakayima, Lydia
    The research investigated the AGOA policy awareness and its impact on the agro-processing and marketing industry in Uganda; Wakiso district. Data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaire and an interview guide. Data was analysed using the SPSS computer Package. Results showed that the farmers and administrators are interested in knowing and benefiting from the policy but they are not aware of it and therefore the AGOA policy has had no impact on the agro-processing and marketing industry in Wakiso district. The findings also revealed that the overall management of the policy was still lacking since the expected beneficiaries of the policy, the poor people at grass root level had not benefited yet from the policy. The emerging ethical issues such were identified and suggestions were give of how to overcome the problems accruing from them.It was later concluded that the dissemination of AGOA information as well as other agriculture based strategies is important for the success of the policy in order for the people to benefit from it before the end of the access period.
  • Item
    An analysis of border security on transnational organised crimes at Mutukula Border Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2023-11) Walugembe, Robert
    This study examined an analysis of border security on transnational organized crimes at Mutukula border Uganda. Specifically, the study aimed to assess the knowledge of transnational organized crime at Uganda border point, to evaluate the effectiveness of security measures implemented to curb transnational organized crime at Uganda borders and to generate and suggest more suitable solutions or measures to address transnational organized crime at Uganda border points. The study reviewed relevant literature was assessed in relation to the research study. The study adopted a mixed method research design adopting both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection and analysis. The sample size included 50 respondents among whom were 5 immigration officers, 7 police officers, 11 security agencies responsible for border security, 5 customs officers, 22 community leaders. The study employed both interview guide and questionnaires in data collection. The study found that transnational organized crime occurs at the Uganda border points of Mutukula, Busia, and Malaba. The most common types of transnational organized crime at these border points are smuggling and narcotics, money laundering and fraud, theft and burglary, and kidnap. The study also found that the local community has a limited knowledge of transnational organized crime at the border points, but the police and security agencies have a better understanding. The study found that the security measures in place at the Uganda border points are not effective at curbing transnational organized crime. The main challenges faced in maintaining security at the borders include the lack of physical barriers, inadequate personnel and resources, and the presence of corruption. The study also found that coordination and cooperation between the different security agencies and with counterparts in neighboring countries is limited. The study suggested that improving intelligence gathering and sharing, increasing the number of personnel and resources, and implementing physical barriers at the border points could improve the effectiveness of security measures in curbing transnational organized crime. The study concluded that improvements in border security are necessary to more effectively combat transnational organized crime in Uganda. The study recommended that there is need to increase resources and personnel dedicated to border security, including hiring more trained and qualified customs and immigration officials, as well as increasing funding for technology and equipment such as scanners and x-ray machines. In addition, implement stricter border control measures, including strengthening physical barriers and improving intelligence and information sharing between security agencies
  • Item
    Analysis of rural landuse in Sheema District: A case study of Shuuku Sub-County
    (Makerere University, 2012-11) Muhwezi, Gita Geoffrey
    The study aimed at analyzing the land use in Shuuku Sub-county in Sheema District. The study particularly aimed at establishing the forms of land use existing in Shuuku sub county, investigating the factors that influence land use, as well as examining the changes that have occurred in land use compared to 20 years ago (1990 as a base year). The study used systematic sampling to select 64 household heads as sampling units and purposive sampling when selecting key respondents like the Local Council chair persons, community elders, among others. Also one focus group discussion was held in each parish where groups of 15 people were engaged in land use discussions. The questionnaires were administered to household heads and interviews held with key informants. The study established that the main land use activities included crop farming, livestock farming, forestry, stone quarrying, and sand mining. The main factor that influences land use was market demand. Most of the household were growing crops with high market prices and demand such as bananas, coffee and tea. Other factors pointed out were the size of the household, size of the land owned by household, and nature of soils. Population pressure was an important factor pointed out by many household heads and focus group discussions to be the main cause of land fragmentation and over use of land. Changes in land use activities were also noticed in the study area, where most of the traditional crops like millet and sorghum were abandoned by some households. People started considering growing of crops and rearing animals, which could yield more over a short time and utilizing small pieces of land. Exotic and cross-bred cows were introduced and practices such as zero grazing were adopted since they utilize small pieces of land but produce more milk. This marked the beginning of land use changes. Emphasis should be placed on raising the capacity of the local people of sub-county to use their land in a sustainable way and there is also a need for further research in order to avail more data for formulating a land use plan that fits well with soil types and land suitability.
  • Item
    An analysis of the Apaa land conflict in Amuru District
    (Makerere University, 2024) Bakaki, Francis Kakuba
    The Apaa Land Conflict in Uganda, ongoing since the 1960s, remains unresolved despite numerous government interventions. These efforts include land demarcation, forced evictions, mediation, deployment of security forces, and legal reforms. The situation has been further complicated by the presence of internally displaced persons (IDPs) who have settled in the East Madi Wildlife Reserve, escalating tensions between the local communities, the UWA, and the displaced populations. The conflict continues to challenge peacebuilding, community cohesion, and sustainable development. This study examines the conflict's future prospects and opportunities for sustainable peace and development, focusing on key stakeholders, historical and socio-economic factors, current state, potential solutions, and policy recommendations. An investigation of the underlying causes and dynamics of the Apaa Land Conflict was done using a qualitative research methodology. Data were accurately collected through in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observations. NVivo Plus software was used for data analysis to ensure a thorough examination of the qualitative data. The analysis revealed that the conflict's root causes are multifaceted and consistent, encompassing historical grievances, instances of land grabbing, and ambiguities surrounding land ownership and boundary demarcations. The Apaa Land Conflict involves various stakeholders, including government authorities, local communities (Acholi and Madi ethnic groups), and NGOs, with NGOs playing a key mediating role. Historical factors like colonial-era demarcations and post-colonial policy changes, along with socio-economic pressures such as land scarcity and economic competition, contribute to the conflict. Potential solutions include inclusive dialogue, traditional conflict resolution mechanisms, and neutral third-party involvement. Resolving the conflict could lead to sustainable development, agricultural growth, improved food security, economic transformation, and social development, including the return of displaced families and investment in infrastructure, education, and healthcare. The findings indicate that while the conflict has led to significant challenges, there are also opportunities for resolution. The Ugandan government has taken steps to address the issue, including the formation of a committee tasked with investigating the conflict and proposing solutions. Additionally, ongoing dialogue and negotiations are being facilitated among the involved stakeholders—local communities, the UWA, and government representatives—aiming to reach a mutually acceptable resolution.
  • Item
    An analysis of the challenges of implementing the community based maintenance system of rural water facilities: a case of Ngando Sub County, Mpigi District
    ( 2009-07-20) Nakiwu, Irene
    The community based Maintenance System is an approach that was introduced in Uganda in 1986 for the operation and Maintenance of rural water facilities for sustainability. With the introduction of CBMS, it was expected that functionality rate will be 80%-90% at any one time (Ministry of Water, Lands and Environment, 2001). However, in Ngando Sub County functionality stands at 30% instead of the expected 80%-90%. The research aimed at establishing the socio-political, institutional and financial challenges influencing the operationalising of the Community Based Maintenance System in the Planning, Mobilization, Construction, Operation and Maintenance phases. A descriptive case study approach was adopted using research methods of Interview, document review, limited observation and focus group discussions. A sample of 14 water facilities was selected purposively and 70 respondents were selected using stratified sampling method. The study was conducted in Ngando Sub County, Mpigi District. Data was collected by use of questionnaires, interview guides and Observation checklists. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS while qualitative data was analyzed using content and thematic analysis. Generally it was established that institutionally there is lack of information especially at the Sub County and community level on their roles and responsibilities coupled with the high labor turn over which frustrates the capacity building efforts. Financially, the main challenge lies in how to determine affordable user fees given the subsistence economy of the communities and the storage of the collected funds. Socio-politically, the challenge lies with the people’s attitude and the impact of the existing alternative water sources. It is therefore recommended that, in order to strengthen the CBMS efforts should be made to sensitize lower level stakeholders on their roles and responsibilities and the implementation arrangements. Technically, relatively maintenance free technologies should be adopted. In addition, improvement of existing wells should be considered as first priority before introduction of new technologies in a given community.
  • Item
    An analysis of the mechanisms for resolution of land conflicts in Teso Sub-region, Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2011-11) Ecogu, Robert
    This thesis analyses the various mechanisms used in resolution of land conflicts in Teso Sub-region. The study applies Hizkiaz Aseefa’s theoretical framework for conflict resolution in analyzing the different mechanisms used for resolving land conflicts in the sub-region. Land conflicts in Teso have increasingly raised salient controversies and created deep social rifts between individuals, families, cultural groups and institutions, especially in the last ten years. In cases where land wrangles have dragged on for long, or reached violent stages, the social, emotional, economic, political and environmental damages caused are clearly evident. The research was set to lay down a systematic and deeper understanding of the mechanisms used in resolution land conflicts in Teso sub-region. It does this by identifying the types and causes of land conflicts in Teso, assessing their impact, and analyzing the existing mechanisms used in resolution of land conflicts in the subregion. The research used in-depth interview guides, focus-group discussion guides and questionnaires to collect primary data. 15 resourceful men and women were taken through in-depth interview; five different groups across Teso were guided through focus-group discussions; and 204 sampled respondents were served with questionnaires. Secondary data was sourced from Soroti Chief Magistrate’s Court records and from relevant books and internet sources. The data generated has been processed, analyzed and presented using statistical tables, graphs and charts. The study shows that 95% of the land conflicts in Teso sub-region are found in rural Teso, where over 93% of the land is held under the customary land tenure system. It also reveals that in Teso there is less security of land tenure under the customary land tenure system than under the land lease and freehold land tenure systems. The study further shows that the major causes of land conflicts in the sub-region are population increase (26.5%), unclear boundaries (26.5%), land commercialization (19.3%), nepotism (16.3%) and greed (6%). According to the communities among whom this research was conducted, the most highly ranked mechanisms that are suitable for resolution of land conflicts are the clan courts (47.3%), LC I courts (25.1%) and land tribunal or courts of law (20.3%). Other mechanisms include negotiation efforts by the parties on their own, and mediation by Civil Society Organizations and religious leaders and institutions. The research affirms Hizkiaz Aseefa’s theory that the dialogue approaches of negotiation, mediation and reconciliation are more effective in conflict resolution than the arbitration, adjudication and forceful approaches; and this applies to land conflicts as well. In Teso sub-region, 93% of the land is owned under customary land tenure system. It is more viable, therefore, to legally empower and build the capacity of the clan courts to handle cases of land conflicts within the customary land tenure system, while the Magistrates’ Courts handle cases of land disputes within the land lease and freehold tenure systems. The strengths in the clan system for resolution of land disputes outweigh their loopholes. There is need, therefore, to strengthen the mandate of clan courts to handle land conflicts within customary land, and empower land institutions and local government organs to effectively fulfill their functions. Effective legislation for prevention and mitigation of land conflicts needs to be prioritized at district levels in Teso. This should then be popularized through effective community sensitization, backed by a strong and sustainable partnership with the civil society organizations in the sub-region.
  • Item
    An analysis of the socio-demographic profiles and performance of investigators of sexual offences in Kampala Metropolitan Police
    (Makerere University, 2023-08) Wanyama, Dennis Wasike
    This cross-sectional study seeks to analyze the relationship between the socio-demographic profiles of the investigators of sexual offences and their performance. Data on socio-demographic profiles was collected using a survey, while structured interviews with key informants were conducted to corroborate the data retrieved from the survey and performance reports from the Criminal Investigations Directorate (CID) for the financial year 2021-2022. Eighty-nine questionnaires were administered, and five key informants were interviewed. The general objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the socio-demographic profiles of the investigators and their performance. Four specific objectives were derived from the above-mentioned general objective. The first specific objective was to establish the relationship between the rank, age, gender and marital status of the investigator with his or her performance. Results indicate that there is a weak positive relationship that is not statistically significant between an investigator’s performance and his or her rank, age, gender and marital status. The second specific objective was to find out the relationship between the investigator’s level of education and performance. Results from the study revealed a weak positive relationship between the two variables. The third specific objective was to assess the relationship between the investigator’s level of specialized training and his or her performance, and findings revealed that there was a statistically significant, fairly strong positive relationship with specialized training in sexual offences. The fourth objective was to determine the extent to which the years of service of a sexual offence investigator influenced his or her performance. Results reveal that years of service of a sexual offence investigator in either the UPF or CID do not significantly influence his or her performance in investigations. The study recommends that the Uganda Police Force have all investigators trained in the CID induction course; have all sexual investigators who have done the CID induction course undergo additional sexual offences investigation management training; promote investigators who have done both CID induction and sexual investigation management training to the next rank; and refine the internal system of recruiting and deploying investigators by internally advertising vacancies and having successful candidates get recruited based on the most desirable predetermined socio-demographic characteristics. It also recommends that the investigation environment be improved through the provision of better tools and equipment and the provision of the necessary support facilities and services.
  • Item
    Appraisal of affirmative action on the promotion of rights for persons with disabilities in Uganda : a case study of Kumi District (1995 to 2002)
    (Makerere University, 2004) Emong, Paul
    The research focuses on finding out how disability legislation, particularly affirmative action has made disabled people attain human rights, access to resources, community services and the basic needs. The study revealed that though affirmative action is a constitutional right and has resulted into pro-disability provisions as is indicated in the written laws of Uganda since 1995; it is not highly considered by civil servants. One of the major reasons for this is the ignorance of many of these civil servants as far as the law providing for the rights of the disabled people is concerned. As a result, its implementation particularly through affirmative action. has not benefited disabled people. Both political leaders and civil servants were ignorant of its implementation. The following still need attention: ignorance, lack of clear policies on disability at the local council level, critical role of affirmative action, further propagation of disability policies, education, the role of the disabled parliamentarians and councilors of disabled people. Therefore the study recommends further propagation of rights of disabled people, at international and national levels. At the time when this study was carried out, there was no Disability Act. However the National Council for Disability Act was enacted in 2003 and establishes the Disability Councils. What is now required is a Comprehensive Law in disability and effective functioning of the Disability Council both at National and Local Council levels.
  • Item
    Approaches to the fusion of Enanga of the Bakiga of South-Western Uganda with popular music
    (Makerere University, 2023-01-10) Ahabwe, Dickens Andrew
    This study is in the field of Applied Ethnomusicology. It addresses issues of traditional music, technology and popular music. Like other traditional Kikiga music, enanga is steadily vanishing from the community’s music scene. Most of the old people who knew how to play this instrument have died and those still alive are not full-time musicians. The purpose of this study was to inves-tigate ways through which enanga music performance can be fused through technology to popu-larize it among popular music audiences. This study adopted a qualitative research methodology with three approaches of ethnography/fieldwork, action research and content analysis. Moreover, it revolved around two theories of globalization, and progressive traditionalism. The findings of this study show that enanga was part and parcel of the social, economic, religious and political Kikiga lifestyle of the Bakiga. However, times have changed and the instrument is disappearing from the public. The study further reveals that studio technology can facilitate fusion through sampling, live recording, designing studio sound to imitate enanga sound and using enanga music themes in different popular music genres. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be beneficial to popular musicians since they will understand ways through which enanga music can be merged with popular music through studio technology to create new sounds.
  • Item
    The archaeology of Megaliths culture in the Lake Eyasi Basin, Northern Tanzania
    (Makerere University, 2025) Mjandwa, Albert Samwel
    The study investigated the archaeology of the megaliths’ culture in the Lake Eyasi Basin, the northern part of Tanzania, an area previously noted for megalithic structures whose historical significance and origins were not well-documented. Earlier researchers suggested these sites might be related to the Engaruka cultural complex, but chronological inconsistencies remained. This study used a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data were obtained through archaeological surveys, excavations, archival research, and paleoenvironmental data collection. Secondary data were gathered by reviewing existing literature, including books, research papers, and reports, focused on megaliths and other archaeological topics relevant to the Lake Eyasi Basin. The findings highlight the advanced engineering, craftsmanship, and potential spiritual significance behind the megalithic structures. Various forms, such as dolmens, burial cairns, stone enclosures and stone circles, reflect the societies' complex cultural, social, and possibly religious dimensions. The studied sites (Olpiro, Oldogom, and Barjomajega) exhibited distinctive pottery, microlithic tools, polished axes, grinding stones, and metalworking materials, indicating specialised tool use and metallurgical knowledge. Animal remains indicated reliance on livestock, while decorative beads suggested symbolic cultural practices. Radiocarbon dating places these sites in the Pastoral Neolithic and Late Iron Age, from 2500 years BP to the 14th century AD. The absence of Early Iron Age (EIA) pottery indicates abandonment during this period, with a gap between 300 and 700 AD before resettlement in the Late Iron Age (LIA) time. In addition, the phytolith data suggest that environmental conditions 2,500 years ago were similar to today’s semi-arid environment, implying that cultural developments were likely driven by factors other than environmental shifts. The study proposes further research, including refined radiocarbon dating to resolve chronological gaps, advanced LiDAR and GIS mapping to locate undiscovered sites, and microscopic analysis of artefacts to reveal material, technological, and trade details. Additionally, it recommends investigating links between contemporary pastoralist practices and ancient megalithic traditions. Finally, expanding phytolith and pollen analysis could further clarify the relationship between stable environmental conditions and cultural continuity.
  • Item
    Archaeometallurgical investigation of iron production technology in Butiru, Eastern Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2024-12) Mirembe, Fatumah
    The archaeometallurgical investigation of iron production technology in Butiru eastern Uganda was guided by four specific objectives were; to characterise the archaeological assemblage, examine the technological features and processes of iron production and iron working, establish the chronological sequence and explain the environmental characteristics associated with iron production in the area. Using an archaeological research design and an archaeometallurgical approach, the study examined the technology employed in the iron production process. Data was collected using archaeological surveys and excavation, ethnoarchaeological interviews, and participant observation. Additionally, dating and environmental samples were collected and physical attributes of cultural materials were analysed. Samples for dating yielded a radiocarbon date of 1526-1386 BP which translates to 424-564 cal AD for Bubwayo and Bumulumeti dated 1395-1444 AD which translates to 555-506 cal BP Drawing on the two theories of chaine operatoire and practice, the study reveals that iron production technology in Butiru was a two-stage process involving the smelting of ore and smithing of the final product. An analysis of the tuyeres suggests a slag-tapping technology. Additionally, the furnaces recovered in the production process were the small standing shallow type, an indication that they were most likely used only once. Dating of samples revealed that while some areas like Bubwayo fall within the Early Iron Age (EIA) between 424 and 564 AD while others namely Bumulumeti, Bumufuni and Khatsonga fall in the Late Iron Age (LIA) period between 1395-1444 cal AD. Therefore, iron production has continued in contemporary society with the exclusion of smelting, and the raw materials currently in use are scrap metals acquired from abandoned old vehicles and garden tools. The study enriches archaeological knowledge of iron production in the region. The dates give precise periodisation of the sites and more insight into the technology used in a decentralised setting compared to the information acquired from the areas with centralised systems.
  • Item
    Artificial birth control methods: A threat to human life and morality among the Catholic married couples
    (Makerere University, 2015-02) Natukunda, Josephat
    This study was set out to contribute to the morality of the people especially Catholic married couples by establishing the thesis that the use of Artificial Birth Control methods is a threat to human life and morality among the Catholic married couples. Consequently, the study sought to find out how Artificial Birth Control methods can be a threat to human life and morality. Chapter 1 endeavored to lay the background of the study by ascertaining to the fact that Artificial Birth Control methods has become a threat to human life and morality of the couples. Thus, a need to counteract these Artificial Birth Control methods with Natural methods of Birth Control as the Catholic Church teaches. In line with the views of some scholars, Chapter II laid a foundation of the types of Artificial Birth Control methods, dangers and adverse effects of Artificial Birth Control methods, the Natural methods of Birth Control and the view of the Catholic Church as the pathway to good moral standards and respect for life among the Catholic married couples. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was applied in Chapter III and data was collected by the use interviews, questionnaires, conversations and literature review. The study relied on both primary data from the field and secondary data from the related literature of various scholars. The information was then summarized and coded into themes and sub themes form which conclusions and recommendations were drawn. Chapter IV presents the findings of the study, while chapter V discusses the findings and reveals that some Catholic married couples know and use Artificial Birth Control methods to help them produce children whom they can plan for, yet in some cases this leads to unfaithfulness and conjugal infidelity, a general lowering of morality especially, husbands loosing respect for wives and regarding them as sex objects than as beloved companions. The study concludes and recommends in chapter VI that the Catholic married couples follow the Church’s teaching and use Natural methods of Birth Control that promote good morals and respect of life. From the Catholic Church’s teachings, a ban should be put on the use of Artificial Birth Control methods which have adverse effects to human life and morality.