College of Business and Management Sciences (CoBAMS)

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  • Item
    Policies towards external debt sustainability in Uganda(1980-2004)
    (Makerere University, 1998-08) Muvawala, Joseph
    Uganda's external debt has been steadily increasing since the 1970s and has been largely attributed to excessive financing of the 1990s. this has consequently raised questions tn relation to external to external debt sustainability given the low levels of external earnings. The aim of this study is to ascertain whether Uganda's external debt is sustainable over the period of 1980- 2004. using a simple Interpol deterministic model of debt sustainability developed by Cohen (1985), empirical results from the study indicate that Uganda's external debt was unsustainable for most of 1980s and 1990s with exception of external debt is sustainable for the years 1988- 2004 mainly because of the positive projected export growth rate and low interest rates generated. the result also suggest that from 1993 to 2004 Uganda can afford to run trade deficit on the current account This study on the basis of empirical findings recommends that for Uganda to maintain sustainability of external debt it has to continue borrowing at a highly concessional interest rate and increase export earnings through massive investment in export sector. these recommendations will improve Uganda's solvency conditions
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    Determinants of poverty in Uganda : a case study of Nakaseke sub-county in Luwero district
    (Makerere University, 2002) Sengonzi, Edward Damulira
    In order to understand the determinants of poverty in general, it is important to identify the characteristics which influence poverty at the household level. This study employed a logit model to investigate the determinants of poverty at the household level in Uganda, using Nakaseke sub-county in Luwero district, as a case study. The results indicate that household size and credit accessibility increase the probability of a given household being poor. On the other hand, education level of the household head, increased household expenditure on health, and increased household expenditure reduced the likelihood of a given household being poor. It is observed that the terms of credit need to be beneficial to both the lender and the borrower if credit accessibility is to help alleviate poverty. The study recommends that people should be availed with post-primary education opportunities since lack of basic (primary education) is a significant cause of poverty. Regulation of the activities of the informal credit sector, and provision of affordable and good quality medical care are crucial in the fight against poverty. Individual households need to allocate more time to income generating activities, such as farming, in order to complement efforts by government and non-governmental organisations to alleviate poverty.
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    The relationship between reward management practices and attitude of staff towards work.
    ( 2005) Okecho, Henry
    This study focused on the relationship between reward management practices and the attitude of staff towards work, at Uganda Travel Bureau 2004 Ltd. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between the various reward management practices that is, basic pay, additional pay and employee benefits, and the attitude of staff towards work, at Uganda Travel Bureau 2004 Ltd. The study covered all categories of staff at Uganda Travel Bureau 2004 Ltd. The primary data was collected from the staff by use of a self-administered questionnaire and an interview guide. Secondary data was obtained from established records to enhance the raw data collected. The data collected was entered in the Computer and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The hypotheses of the study were analyzed using the Pearson Product Moment Correlation based on certain conditions that described the data. The findings indicate that, there is a close relationship between basic pay and the employees’ attitude towards work. It was also established that there is a close relationship between the additional payments given to employees and their attitude towards work. This was confirmed by the Pearson Product Moment Correlation that showed positive results. The findings further indicate a significant relationship between benefits paid to employees and their attitude towards work. These benefits either encourage employees to work harder when provided, or create dissatisfaction if not provided, or are provided in a way that is not satisfactory to the employees. The findings also indicate that the respondents are bitter about the basic pay and vigorously appeal for an increment. The respondents indicated lack of equity in its provision, and felt it was very low in comparison to the work they did, and bearing in mind the profits the company generates. Basic pay can be improved by matching it to the effort of the employee and taking into consideration the workers valued skill. Additional pay and employee benefits were also found to be a cause of discontent among some staff hence, undermining morale and performance. Most of the staff expressed dissatisfaction with the way they were provided, which meant some of the employees were not receiving them at all. Conclusions are drawn therefore that among other factors, the attitude of staff towards work at Uganda Travel Bureau 2004 Ltd is affected by the basic pay, additional pay and employee benefits received. The researcher therefore recommends increment in basic pay, and a uniform provision of additional pay and employee benefits. Management ought to value the provision of special benefits to employees because they were found to affect employees’ attitudes towards work. Management therefore needs to put up in place a policy that governs the provision of additional pay and employee benefits, so that the members of staff know precisely, the circumstances under which they would be offered.
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    The causes of rural poverty in Uganda: a case study of Wakiso Sub County, Wakiso District.
    ( 2005-12) Kasule, Ahmed Twaha
    The problem of rural poverty in Uganda has persisted despite the various efforts by the government to alleviate it and its continued existence has impacted negatively on the overall development efforts in the country. This study sought to investigate the causes of rural poverty in Uganda, with a specific focus on Wakiso Sub-County found in the central part of the country. The results from this study have confirmed the observed phenomenon of a high level of rural poverty in Uganda. The most significant causes were found to be; large size of households, low education levels attained by the household heads, low asset holdings and insufficient expenditure on essential needs of life. It was recommended that greater attention should be focused on the provision of education to the poor, greater support for alternative income generating activities and encouraging the population to control the sizes of their families. Other recommendations included the provision of low rate credit facilities and encouraging the poor to diversify their asset holding.
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    Teamwork, organisational controls, Organization Citizenship Behaviour (OCB), decision making and performance management in Mulago hospital
    ( 2006) Naluzze, Jesca
    There is increasing deterioration of delivery of health services in Mulago Hospital as exhibited in this study and the health sector in general. In this study, the relationships among organizational controls, teamwork, OCB, decision-making, and performance management were investigated in Mulago Hospital. The study used a survey design and the respondents Questionnaires and interview guides were the research instruments used to collect data from the respondents. Measurements of the study variables were the already established, published, reviewed and validated by the previous scholars. The instruments were also tested for validity and reliability and the indexes were above 0.7 thus the question used was proved appropriate for this study. It was established that; Increasing loss of morale and teamwork amongst the health workers has created a workforce that acts not from duty – consciousness, but out of desperation to survive, without any due regard to the patients’ health. It is becoming more difficult to achieve national health targets and hospital objectives as most health workers are more preoccupied with their meager pay as well as covering what cannot be covered financially at their workplaces rather than the performance required of them to achieve pre-set targets and objectives thus affecting the proper attendance to patients. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides, and analyzed for the degree of variances between and within the variables and its impact on the development of human resources and performance management within Mulago hospital. The results show that there is strong correlation between teamwork and performance management and none between OCB and decision-making. These results are discussed in light of the prevailing health service delivery system in Uganda. Recommendations and areas for further research are also explored.
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    Teamwork, organisational controls, organisational citizeniship behaviour (OCB), decision making and performance management in Mulago Hospital.
    ( 2006) Naluzze, Jesca.
    There is increasing deterioration of delivery of health services in Mulago Hospital as exhibited in this study and the health sector in general. In this study, the relationships among organizational controls, teamwork, OCB, decision-making, and performance management were investigated in Mulago Hospital. The study used a survey design and the respondents Questionnaires and interview guides were the research instruments used to collect data from the respondents. Measurements of the study variables were the already established, published, reviewed and validated by the previous scholars. The instruments were also tested for validity and reliability and the indexes were above 0.7 thus the question used was proved appropriate for this study. It was established that; Increasing loss of morale and teamwork amongst the health workers has created a workforce that acts not from duty – consciousness, but out of desperation to survive, without any due regard to the patients’ health. It is becoming more difficult to achieve national health targets and hospital objectives as most health workers are more preoccupied with their meager pay as well as covering what cannot be covered financially at their workplaces rather than the performance required of them to achieve pre-set targets and objectives thus affecting the proper attendance to patients. Data was collected using questionnaires and interview guides, and analyzed for the degree of variances between and within the variables and its impact on the development of human resources and performance management within Mulago hospital. The results show that there is strong correlation between teamwork and performance management and none between OCB and decision-making. These results are discussed in light of the prevailing health service delivery system in Uganda. Recommendations and areas for further research are also explored.
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    Influence of HIV/AIDS on organization climate and operational effectiveness in secondary schoolsin Uganda: A study of Kampala District.
    (Makerere University, 2006-02) Maturu, Rose
    The purpose of the study was to examine the influence of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the organization climate and operational effectiveness in secondary schools in Uganda. Thus, the researcher examined whether HIV/AIDS influenced the organization climate (knowledge, attitudes and practices of staff). In addition, the researcher examined whether the organization climate (knowledge, attitudes and practices of staff) influenced the operational effectiveness (staff attrition and recruitment, institutional functioning and budgeting). The researcher examined whether HIV/AIDS influenced the operational effectiveness (staff attrition and recruitment, institutional functioning and budgeting). To achieve the above mentioned, the researcher adopted an association research design. The study was carried out in secondary schools within Kampala. The study targeted a sample of 160 respondents but managed to get 133 respondents. Stratified sampling was used to select boys only, girls only and mixed schools. Systematic random sampling was also used to select staff members. Purposive sampling was used to select education officials. Analysis involved calculating frequencies and percentages, accompanied with a chi-square test. Findings indicated that the effect of HIV/AIDS on the organization climate was that most staff members resorted to behaviors that enabled them to avoid contracting HIV/AIDS. However, despite the HIV/AIDS, there were still some members of the staff engaged in HIV/AIDS risk behavior. The study findings further revealed that there was poor quality/inadequate knowledge by staff about the HIV/AIDS, negative attitude of staff members towards HIV/AIDS and inappropriate behavior practices have increased staff attrition, poor school functioning, and poor school budgeting. In addition, the findings revealed that HIV/AIDS epidemic has compromised secondary education, affected staffs’ savings, reduced teachers' productivity, increased death rates among teachers and administrators. It was concluded that HIV/AIDS influences teachers knowledge, attitudes and practices and that this tern influences the operational effectiveness of schools in terms of staff attrition, staff recruitments, budgeting and school functioning. It was recommended that there is need for HIV/AIDS interventions to help teachers and the school administration to improve the organization. This will lead to operational effectiveness of the schools.
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    The relationship between competencies, counterproductive work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and performance of District Tender Board members in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2006-07) Musherure, Timothy
    The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between operant competencies, counterproductive work behavior (CWB), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and performance of district tender boards in Uganda. The specific objectives were to: determine whether the district tender board leadership members possess the necessary operant competencies; establish the relationship between operant competencies and CWB; establish the relationship between operant competencies and OCB; and establish the relationship between operant competencies, CWB, OCB and performance. A cross-sectional research design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select 103 tender board members but 98 participated in the study. Frequencies, percentages, correlation and regression were used to analyze the status of and relationships between operant competencies, CWB, OCB, and performance. Findings revealed that operant competencies negatively related to CWB. Operant competencies positively related to OCB. CWB negatively related to OCB. OCB positively related to performance. CWB negatively related to performance. It is recommended that competence analysis and profiling of district tender board members should be frequently conducted to identify the necessary operant competencies that would combat CWB and encourage OCB in the district tender boards and thus improve the performance of district tender board members.
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    Technical effeciency and total factor productivity growth in Uganda's District Referral hospitals
    ( 2006-09) Yawe, Bruno Lule
    The study measures the technical efficiency and total factor productivity growtth of 25 district referral hospitals from three regions of Uganda over the 1993-2003 period.This study is motivated by a desire to evaluate the ongoing health sector reforms in Uganda which in part are seeking to improve the efficiency of health services.Nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used in the measurement of hospital technical efficiency whilst the DEA-Malmquist index is used in the measurement of hospital total factor productivity change. The results indicate the existence of different degrees of technical and scale inefficiencies in Uganda's district referral hospitals over the sample period.
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    Factors affecting utilization of health care services in Uganda by 2002/2003.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Sserwadda, Ntale Peter
    The government of Uganda set up the Health Policy Review Commission (HPRC) in 1987 which culminated in the development of the current health policy, Health Sector Strategic Plan (HSSP), to address the ill health in Uganda. The HSSP addressed ill health mainly from the supply approach (improved provision of equipment and human resource). However the approach has not achieved the desired level of health, Uganda like many developing countries still has poor health indices. The purpose of this study is to look at an alternative approach, demand approach, which can be of significant importance in achieving improved health. The approach has entailed an investigation into “Factors Affecting Utilization of Health Care services (HCS) in Uganda by 2002/2003”. In order to achieve that main objective, the study has investigated on the demographic socio-economic, household and geographical factors to establish whether they have an effect on utilization of HCS. Descriptive and multivariate techniques of analysis were adopted to manipulate UNHS, 2002/2003 data collected by UBOS. The key findings of the study show that the infectious diseases were the major cause of sickness in all the four regions, with malaria in the lead. Though the health centers were on average within a distance of four kilometers and treatment was provided free or subsidized, most people sought treatment from clinics where payment for the services was required. The illness mild, health facilities being costly and too far, were the main reasons advanced for not consulting or utilize the available HCS. In the multivariate techniques of data analysis, a multinomial logit regression model was fixed, and showed that sex and age of an individual, residence and education of the household head were decisive in determining the type of HCS an individual opted to utilize. Based on the above findings, the policy makers need to go a step ahead and find out why individuals in Uganda opt to utilize HCS where payment is required instead of utilizing those provided free. There is need to establish whether such occurrence is due to individual perceived concepts or organizational factors or community factors; or a combination of factors. Whatever cause established, appropriate measures should be taken to rectify the problem. The differences observed in utilization of HCS between males and females, the young and elderly, the urban residents and rural and then the less educated and more educated is a clear indication that health is multi-dimension. Therefore if improved health is to be achieved a wider health reform approach need to be undertaken.
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    Health care insurance seeking patterns in South Africa in 2005 : a case study of civil servants
    (Makerere University, 2007) Sukati, Ernest Sabelo
    This study investigated the influence of six background characteristics - age, Gender, marital status, province, race and salary level - on civil servants’ health insurance seeking patterns in South Africa in 2005 i.e. the outcome variable. It was based on institutional data sourced from the Department of Public Service and Administration (DPSA), compiled from 1,0I0,518 civil servants’ Employrnent\payroll records. Regrettably, non-availability of educational data may have compromised the comprehensiveness of the study. Because of the dichotomous nature of the outcome variable; Logistic Regression model was applied to the data. Additionally, frequency tables were used to present civil servants’ distribution. The study adopted a three-level analysis; univariate, bivariate and multivariate. To establish association between civil servants’ health insurance seeking behaviour and their corresponding background characteristics, Pearson’s Chi-square and probabilities were used (at 5% level). Findings of the study revealed that about one in two civil servants (49.63%) had no health insurance. Their profile in the main was; the under 50’s, mostly males, cross-cutting between the single and married, strikingly working in poor Limpopo and rich Gauteng Provinces. Africans and the lowly-paid. Encouragingly, results of the study upheld existing literature to the effect that health cover seeking patterns varied with socio-economic status (SES) - a composite index combining, among others; income, age, Gender, employment status, occupational status, educational status and area of residence. In spite of minor variations, all the background characteristics were found to be significantly associated with health cover seeking behaviour. Thus, to stimulate health cover seeking behaviour; government policies may consider national campaigns targeting employees fitting the profile presented in the preceding paragraph. Further, the state-driven universal health insurance (UHI) being mooted should be non-compulsory. Once in place, a removal of compulsory health insurance from the labour market should follow - it creates rigidity; discouraging the young from joining employers who provide it, while the old do not leave such employers, thereby stifling aggregate employment.
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    Utilization of obstetric care services: A case study of Soroti Municipality in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2007) Achen, Stella
    The study was conducted in Soroti district in Uganda. The main focus of the study was on obstetrics as a component of maternal health. Obstetric complications are the leading cause of death for women in the reproductive age group 15-49 years, as a result of pregnancy and childbirth. The study looked at four major technical interventions useful in improving maternal health outcomes, namely: Emergency obstetric care (EmOC), skilled attendance, antenatal care and family planning. The objective of the study was to assess the level of utilization of obstetric care services in improving maternal and child health in Soroti Municipality. A total of 247 clients were interviewed, and 7 health care providers were given a separate structured questionnaire. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the criteria for eligibility were those clients attending ANC and those in the maternity section. Exit interviews were used to get the necessary information from the clients. Methods used for data analysis included univariate, and bivariate analyses. The study findings indicated that there was generally low utilization of obstetric care services as a result of low availability of the services. Factors that contributed to low utilization included: waiting time at health facility, distance to the nearest health facility as many (36.4%) of the clients moved for more than 5 kms, cost of services, lack of husband's support and the low staffing levels. Staffing levels can be improved by recruiting more qualified health care providers, providing free timely obstetric services to every mother who is in need of them, build more health facilities that offer obstetric care services and provide health education to women so that they are able to make their own decisions especially about their health, and the health care providers. The health care providers must substantially help to build a more pronounced positive attitude towards the clients.
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    Human resource management practices and job satisfaction of health workers in mission hospitals under Gulu Catholic Archdiocese
    ( 2007) Owor, Francis Charles
    The researcher set out to conduct a study on human resource management practices and job satisfaction of health workers in mission hospital under Gulu Catholic Archdiocese in Northern Uganda. The study was prompted by the Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau Report (2003) that there is inadequate human resource capacity particularly management capacity in the Catholic Health Services even where staffing may sufficient. This coupled with other human resource problems implicate job satisfaction of health workers. The purpose of the study was to investigate how human resource management practices affect job satisfaction of health workers in mission hospitals under Gulu Catholic Archdiocese. This was in light of the inadequate management capacity and continuous movement of health workers into the civil service suggesting a state of job dissatisfaction. Specifically, the objectives of the study were as follows: • To determine the effect of reward management practices on job satisfaction. • To investigate the effect of employee relations practices on job satisfaction. • To establish the effect of employee development practices on job satisfaction. From the above objectives, research questions and hypotheses were formulated. Data were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources of data for this study were the medical superintendents, senior nursing officers, hospital administrators/personnel officers and some senior staff. Secondary sources of data were also accessed from Ministry of Health (MOH) publications, Uganda Catholic Medical Bureau (UCMB) bulletins, conference publications, hospital annual reports, charters and employment manuals. The target population was 180 comprising of doctors, clinical officers, nurses and midwives. The sample size was 125. Data was collected during March and April 2006. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaire, interview guide and some relevant document. Data obtained were subjected to presentation, interpretation and analysis. The report was compiled using both qualitative and quantitative methods. The techniques used to analyze data were descriptive statistics, ANOVA and independent samples test. Pearson product moment correlation was used to verify the hypotheses. The study findings revealed that there is relationship in mean job satisfaction for the health workers in the three hospitals. ANOVA tests for mean job satisfaction by various background variables showed that the variability in job satisfaction was not significantly different for the three hospitals. Correlation analyses with the hypotheses gave significance level greater than Alpha 0.05. The interpretation is that the null hypotheses were accepted while the research hypotheses were rejected as per the probability value approach. However, qualitative findings reveal contrary views indicating that health workers are not comfortable with most of the practices in place. This phenomenon is partly responsible for the inadequate management capacity and high attrition rates in these hospitals. The study concludes that reward management practices, employee relations practices and employee development practices do not affect job satisfaction of health workers in mission hospitals under Gulu Catholic Archdiocese as per quantitative findings. However, from qualitative findings, there are some problems in areas of reward management, employee relations, and employee development which need to be addressed. Therefore, the following recommendations have been made by the researcher in order to improve the practices. (i) The reward management practices be improved in terms of structure, strategy and system while exercising both distributive justice and procedural justice. (ii) Employee relations practices should address issues on relationship, teamwork, organizational communication as well as formal terms and conditions of employment. (iii) Employee development practices are streamlined in accordance with the human resource demands and challenges to organizational development in the contemporary world. Therefore, it should consider designing staff development programme based on assessment centres, needs assessment criteria, transfer of expertise and so on.
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    Decentralization, participation and poverty reduction in local government : the case of Entebbe Municipality (1993 - 2002)
    (Makerere University, 2007) Nakimu, Rose
    This study investigated the relationship between participation of the poor people and poverty reduction under decentralized governance, based on Entebbe Municipality). The motivation was drawn from public concerns, research publications, and observations on the state of people's capacity to meet their basic needs, against a legal background defined under the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda. and the Local Government Act of 1997. The study objective was to establish the extent of the influence of decentralization in the promotion of participation of poor people especially in the decision-making process. And how this impacted on improving the quality of life of the poor people and reducing poverty. The study used a three-pronged methodology involving interviewing key informants and selected groups of the poor; self-administered questionnaires on a sample of 100 poor people respondents; and reviewing of public documents and relevant case studies. Two analytical techniques, correlation and regression, were used to test the relationship between poor people's participation in governance processes and positive outcomes for people's well-being. Moderate correlation was found between participation and service delivery (r .5-19). And between participation and identification of priorities (r=.53 9); but participation and efficiency correlated weakly (r=.1 79). Regression of individual dependent variables against sets of independent variables helped to test the hypothesis. It was established that although decentralization had provided some favorable opportunities for participation, the poor people's participation level was below 50%, which was not effective. The study recommends that the participation level of the poor be raised and to do so requires amending the Local Government Act to guarantee direct participation of the poor at the municipal level. The poor people need to be trained and given skills that will enable them to effectively participate in decision-making. The government also needs to improve budgeting by earmarking specific sectoral fund allocations to promote participation by the poor. The municipal local governments would then be facilitated to priorities according to the peculiar local needs.
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    A KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices) study on abstinence as an HIV preventive strategy among adolescents in Kampala Secondary Schools.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Agiresaasi, Apophia
    This study on abstinence as a strategy for HIV prevention among adolescents in Kampala secondary schools set out to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to abstinence as a primary HIV prevention strategy. The main objective of this research was to investigate attitudes, knowledge and practices related to abstinence as a strategy for prevention of HIV infection among the adolescents in Kampala secondary schools. A total of 353 adolescents aged between 12 and 21years attending secondary schools in Kampala were interviewed and data analyzed. Using frequency tables, the distribution of respondents according to their characteristics was presented. The chi – square test was used to establish the association between the independent variables and the dependent variable (Practice of abstinence). Abstinence was generally interpreted to mean virginity or avoidance of any coital activity. Some had a more liberal definition and interpreted abstaining to mean being in a relationship but not engaging in any sexual activities. This definition was, however, challenged by some who felt that abstinence meant being in no girl/boy relationship at all. Despite universal awareness and approval of abstinence as an appropriate HIV prevention strategy, myths and misconception still abound. Abstaining was perceived to result into diseases like backache, masturbation and impotence. Respondents’ knowledge of abstinence as an appropriate HIV prevention strategy was explored. Only a few did not have the knowledge while the majority were aware that abstinence was an effective HIV prevention strategy. Since attitudes towards virginity may determine ones practice of abstinence, respondents were asked whether they thought it was possible for one to maintain virginity till marriage and majority thought it was possible while the minority thought it was not possible. The majority of the adolescents reported to be abstaining. Other strategies adopted to prevent HIV were condom use and being faithful to their girl/boy friends. In the cross tabulations, factors that were found to be associated with adolescent decision to abstain were: age, sex, ever had sex, have boy/girlfriend, had sex in last one year, attitude towards virginity, knowledge of abstinence as an effective HIV prevention strategy, exposure to pornography, no of wives adolescents father has and quality of sex education received. According to the model, those likely to abstain were male, young, had received information that abstinence is an effective HIV prevention strategy, had no girl/boy friend, had never had sex, had received value based sex education, had not had sex in the last one year, had a positive attitude towards premarital chastity and were not exposed to pornography. This study recommended that targeted interventions like counseling, Information , Education and Communication materials should be provided to help adolescents fully understand the meaning of abstinence and cope with this period. It was also recommended that adolescents who have already made a decision to abstain should be followed up especially those who are out of school. More research in related areas not yet addressed has also been suggested. Future researchers should investigate the social stigma that those abstaining are confronted with. They should also study the lives of younger adolescents aged 10 –12years.
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    Corporate governance and the performance of commercial banks
    (Makerere University, 2007) Kawere, Andrew B.
    The study investigated the relationship between Corporate Governance and the Performance of Commercial banks. The study objectives were to examine the relationship between Corporate Governance and performance of commercial banks, the relationship between leadership and balance of power and performance, and the relationship between laws and best business practices and performance. A cross sectional study design combined with a descriptive design was used in which questionnaires were distributed to corporate board members, managers and other staff. Data was analyzed using SPSS aided by Correlation coefficients to establish the relationships between the variables of interest, and Regression analysis to find out the extent to which Corporate Governance explains performance. It was found that there exists a strong positive relationship between Corporate Governance and the Performance of commercial banks. Internal controls and Accountability were also found to be key predictors of performance of banks. It is recommended that commercial banks ensure that they have in place sound corporate governance principles since up to 55.5% of performance can be attributed to Corporate Governance. Internal controls that cover both accounting aspects and personnel management practices are also highly recommended if performance of banks is to improve.
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    Factors affecting adolescents' utilization of antenatal services in Western Uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Kasabiiti, Jennifer-Asiimwe
    The study is an outcome of the analysis of data generated by AYA (2002) that examined ASRH behaviors in 24 districts of AYA operation in Uganda. It reviews information about the relationship between adolescents and their utilization of ANC services in LDCs given the structural, economical and wide spread cultural constraints. In order to achieve the stated objective, the study focused on the socioeconomic and demographic factors affecting ever use and number of visits to ANC centres. Literature was reviewed and pointed out the highly missing information on adolescent utilization of ANC in western Uganda despite the high proportion of adolescents to the whole proportion, the high maternal mortality rates .The study therefore adopted both descriptive and multivariate analysis to accumulate findings for western Uganda, the focus of the study. Out of the total 497 respondents interviewed in western Uganda, the study shows that majority of the respondents were rural dwellers (82.9%) with males being fewer than females (31.5%). By religion, Catholics dominated the study (49.5%) while primary pupils constituted the majority of respondents (61.4%). Rate of ANC use was estimated at 85%, only 43% of adolescents made the recommended 4 ANC visits. About 65% were satisfied with the ANC services, 10.9 % went for ANC for the first time in their third trimesters. There exists a significant relationship between ever use of ANC by sex, more females than males went for ANC, by district, Kyenjojo proved significant in both models). In the main analysis, increase in ANC utilization and number of visits was associated to district of origin, again Kyenjojo was significant in both models. More females than males utilized ANC services. As expected, the higher the levels of education, so was the level of ANC utilisation. The study therefore recommends that enrolment, especially for female adolescents to higher levels of education be vigilantly encouraged, so as to boost healthy uptake and also limit teenager pregnancies. Massive sensitization of the masses especially male spouses on the importance of ANC should be done to improve utilization by the married. There is also need to target key groups within adolescent projects (Young versus old, male versus female, in school versus out-of-school, respondents by residence and expensive but necessary ANC services be made more affordable.
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    Determinants of child nutrition in Uganda (1992-1999)
    (Makerere University, 2007) Rubale, Gerald
    Using nationally representative household surveys of 1992/ 93 and 1999/ 2000, the study sought to investigate the determinants of child nutrition in Uganda. Specifically, the study required to investigate whether there have been improvements in child nutrition over time. And whether there have been structural changes in the determinants of child nutrition. Child nutrition was approximated by height-for-age z-scores, a long-term child nutrition indicator. The findings demonstrate with substantial evidence that some household and community characteristics in general, play an important role in determining child nutrition outcome. Household consumption expenditure, maternal education, household size, condition of housing, availability of malaria drugs as well as presence of a trained health worker at the nearest health centre, and type of water source, were particularly singled out as the most important covariates. The results further indicate that children were healthier in 1999 than in 1992 and structural shifts in child nutrition determinants were manifested between 1992 and 1999. Household characteristics such as household consumption expenditure, toilet or sanitation facilities, housing conditions and maternal education were particularly found to change over time. Changes over time were also recognized among community characteristics like distance to me nearest health centre, public health centres, and availability of malaria drugs.
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    Trade liberalization policies and the competitiveness of export firms in Uganda
    (Makerere University, 2007) Naluyombya, Lukiya
    Uganda has implemented trade liberalization policies since 1987. Deregulation, market opening and privatisation are expected to spur productivity, foster export competitiveness and improve resource allocation. Export firms are expected to take full advantage of the special measures and more favorable provisions to improve their competitiveness. Despite the efforts to establish conditions that will facilitate exporting activities, the response of export firms to the opportunities to improve their competitiveness is not adequately assessed. The study was intended to establish whether trade liberalization policies stimulated export firms to adjust allocation and utilisation of resources in order to improve their competitiveness. A cross sectional survey was done across firms in Wakiso, Kampala and Mukono districts. Measurement of variables was done using correlation and regression analyses. Results showed that trade liberalization increased output, domestic competitiveness but has not been effective in fostering export competitiveness and improving resource allocation.
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    A critical examination of the budgeting procedures and budget execution in Uganda Local Governments: The case of Kabale District
    ( 2007) Muhwezi-Murari, Maurice Alex
    A budget is a tool for management to express in figures its future intentions. It provides a yardstick by which individuals or groups can be measured and rewarded. It provides room for decentralisation of authority without losing information required for purposes of control. Budgets provide a mechanism to control in detail the revenue, costs, cash and capital expenditure. (Nugus, 1998, P 2). Budgets must be managed and controlled. This is to ensure proper utilisation of the limited resources. Budgetary control is a system of controlling costs, which includes the preparation of budgets, co-ordinating the departments and establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted and acting upon results to achieve optimum resource utilisation.