Demo Collection

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    The state of Ugandan bibliographic control and strategies into the Twenty-first century
    (MCB UP Ltd, 2000) Kigongo-Bukenya, I. M. N.
    Abstract: The origins of librarianship in Uganda are indicated and the legislation affecting bibliographic control in the country described. Issues are discussed including publishing, a national library and national bibliographic agency, information technology, education and standards. Factors affecting the current state of bibliographic control in Uganda are examined and relevant agencies and publications listed. Strategies for further development are put forward and recommendations made
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    The influence of the catholic charismatic renewal on the faith of the people of kahunge catholic parish, Fort-Portal Diocese, uganda.
    (Makerere University, 2005) Musiimenta, Samuel
    The study on the Catholic Charismatic Renewal elaborates humanity’s desire to lower God through prayer so that his or her prayers may be answered. This is because man and woman are always aware of their finite situation and long for the infinite. The words of St. Augustine that God has made us for Himself and our hearts are restless until they rest in Him, express its powerlessness in mankind and always urge them to seek God’s power in everything they do. The community of Kahunge expresses this powerlessness through the Catholic Charismatic Renewal. The community has attempted to integrate this in the prayer life of man and woman in the community. The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of CCR on faith of the members of this Parish community. In examining the influence of Catholic Charismatic Renewal in Kahunge Parish, only six Church centres where the movement is active were sampled both males and females were randomly selected. The researcher used three instruments for data collection, questionnaire, observation schedule and interview schedule. After testing the hypotheses, the results showed that the influence of CCR on faith is of great significance. The movement has changed the lives of the people. It has also made them more committed to their call. With this discovery therefore, the recommendations pointed out that the church should incorporate the renewal movement in the Christian life and liturgical celebrations
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    Opportunities And Challenges Of Resettlement And Protection Of Internally Displaced Persons In
    (Makerere University, 2005-06) Sarah, Olive otuku
    of challenges in the form of uncertainness of the peace process, fear of mines and unexploded ordinances, lack of availability of adequate social and humanitarian services in areas of resettlement. Some of the challenges experienced by the IDPs during the resettlement process are due to the changes in their social lives and relations during the period of displacement. Other challenges were however due to structural problems such as the lack of availability of social service infrastructure in resettlement areas. Recommendations towards the improvement of the situation include more especially interventions in the areas of security, clearance of unexploded ordinances and other abandoned remnants of war, provision and rehabilitation of social service infrastructure and the need to involve and encourage the IDPs to participate in the resettlement, early recovery programmes and development programmes to enable them revitalize their ABSTRACT The study was conducted in Pader district, one of the districts that was worst affected by the LRA conflict in northern Uganda. 95% of the total population of Pader district were displaced into IDP camps and neighbouring districts, as a result of the twenty year old armed conflict in northern Uganda. With the improvements in the security situation from the year 2005 to date, the IDP population in Pader district have been resettling to either transit sites or homes of origin. The objective of the study was to find out the opportunities that the IDPs had for resettling; the challenges and protection threats that IDPs were exposed to during the resettlement process and to generate facts, figures and qualitative information on perceived needs and attitudes of IDPs towards resettlement in light of the ‘improved’ security situation in Northern Uganda. Data was collected from the field by use of questionnaires, and focus group discussions. Prior made reports and written materials from the UNHCR and other humanitarian agencies operating in the district like ICRC, UNICEF, WHO, OCHA, WFP and the district local government were also reviewed and consulted. Findings from the study are presented by use of tables, figures as well as descriptive methods. Findings from the study indicate that the IDPs were displaced in areas within and outside the district. Three resettlement patterns of the IDPs was established by the study; which include resettlement without movement among those that reside within a reasonable distance from their pre-displacement homes, resettlement with movement where the IDPs were resettling in sites
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    Management of post harvest ridge blackening of okra (abelmoschus esculentus (l.) moench) pods
    (Makerere University, 2006) Katende, Ronald
    Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) has become a potential non-traditional agricultural export for Uganda since 1993. However, quality is still the biggest constraint and needs to be improved to successfully expand Uganda’s export market. Ridge blackening is the most common quality problem of okra in Uganda. In an effort to manage ridge blackening of okra, three experiments were set up in 2003/2004 to develop a reliable method for determining the severity of ridge blackening on okra pods, to establish the relationship between frequency of handling of pods and severity of ridge blackening and to evaluate field packing as a feasible method for management of the problem. An ordinal rating scale for determination of severity of ridge blackening was developed and its accuracy and precision was compared with the visual estimation scale based on Horsfall-Barratt. Using this scale, seven varieties of okra (“Pure luck”, “Lucky five”, “Greenie”, “Nirali”, “Pusa sawani”, “Clemson Spineless” and “Ever lucky”) were screened for varietal resistance/ tolerance to ridge blackening and two methods of postharvest handling of okra were investigated. Under the conventional (pack-house) method, okra pods were harvested and transported to a pack-house facility where sorting, grading, packing and cooling were carried out, while field packing involved sorting, grading and packing in the field, and transporting of the products to the pack-house cooling facility. The number of times the pods were handled, the severity of ridge blackening, weight loss of pods and microbial load on pods were recorded for the two handling methods. The results of the study showed that the ordinal rating scale was more accurate in measuring ridge blackening of okra at all levels of severity (1-100%) compared to Horsfall-Barratt (1945) visual method which tended to overestimate severity below 25 %. Okra variety significantly (P<0.05) affected the severity of ridge blackening. Variety ‘Pusa sawani” showed the lowest severity while variety ‘Clemson spineless’ and ‘Nirali’ showed horizontal resistance as a high incidence of ridge blackening but low severity. Variety ‘Pure luck’ and ‘Ever lucky’ showed very high severities of ridge blackening figures 3 a. and b). Field packing led to less handling of pods (35 times) compared to conventional packing (48-59 times). This resulted in significantly (P<0.01) lower severity of ridge blackening, lower microbial load and lower rates of weight loss during storage. It is recommended that growers adopt varieties with relatively higher resistance to ridge blackening and minimize the number of times the pods are handled and should consider field packing where applicable.
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    Challenges faced by Ugandan textile industries in accessing duty free trade to the USA markets under AGOA
    (Makerere University, 2007) Tusubira, Rebecca
    The African Growth Opportunity Act (AGOA) is a bilateral Agreement between the United States of America and 48 African Countries that offers increased preferential access for African exports to the US market for purposes of broadly improving the welfare of the population in beneficiary African countries. The Act extends GSP benefits (duty and quota free market access) for eligible Sub-Saharan beneficiary countries up to September 2015 (previously 2008 before extension) subject to specific rules of origin and governance related requirements. The study’s major objective is to assess the challenges faced by the Ugandan Textile Industries in accessing the duty free trade to the US market and entails: Examining the historical development of Uganda Textile Industry before AGOA, analysing the various ailments in the Textile Industry in Uganda within AGOA arrangements and examining the constraints involved in the implementations of AGOA. Recommendations are based on the information provided by different stakeholders of the textile and industry on the way forward towards meeting the US market demands. Qualitative data was obtained on socio-economic characteristics of the various people engaged in this trade. The data collection method used included the use of the questionnaire, in depth interviews with key stakeholders (i.e. textile/ factory firms, government institutions, all complemented by review of previous reports on the same subject. In terms of findings, the major challenges faced by the textile industries were the cost of financing, government’s lack of policy framework concerning textiles and other constraints that cause inefficiency such as the cost and productivity of labour and qualitative factors affecting competitiveness Finally the study recommended that government should be actively involved in regulating the incentives given to the textile firms and encourage other institutions to competition, productivity and innovations in the textile industry in Uganda.
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    Cash and food crop production in Semuto Sub-County, Luwero District 1980 – 2002: A comparative study.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Gakwandi, Gaetan
    Crop production in Semuto Sub County has experienced changes from traditional crops such bananas and robusta coffee to crops like vanilla and upland rice. In this dissertation, a comparative study of cash and food crop production from 1980 to 2002 in Semuto Sub County, Luwero District was conducted. The study specifically sought to identify the main traditional food and cash crops, area covered by them in the past and at present, factors responsible for the changing patterns in crop production, implications of increased cash crop growing on food security and on livelihoods of people. The primary data were collected using participatory rural appraisal and structured questionnaires. Field observations, in depth interviews, focus group discussions and secondary data supplemented the questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from reports and other documents from various offices. A total sample of 162 respondents including the Luwero District Agricultural officer, Extension officer, Sub county and parish chiefs, local people and local leaders were consulted. Data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Scientists (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used in the analysis. The results showed that crops like coffee, maize, beans, millet and bananas were the traditional crops grown by people in the 1980‟s. Currently, cassava, bananas, beans, sweet potatoes, maize, groundnuts, yams and irish potatoes are the major food crops while rice, vanilla, coffee, maize and bananas are the significant cash crops grown in Semuto sub county. Although the data show that the majority of the people grow cash crops rather than food crops, the difference is not significant within Semuto Sub County. This is a generalized picture of the sub county that is bound to change with analysis of individual parishes. In addition, research findings indicate that, there has been an increase in area (hectarage) covered by these crops from 1980 to the present. The reasons for the change in types of crops included introduction of other cash crops, acquisition of more land to grow crops and availability of markets for cash crops. Research findings also indicate that cash crop production has contributed to food insecurity, food shortage in households and less attention given to food crops. Lastly, the study found out that there are both positive and negative implications of increased cash crop growing on the welfare of people
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    E-learning practices in teaching, learning and research at Makerere University, University of Dar Es Salaam, and University of Nairobi
    (Makerere University, 2007) Walimbwa, Michael
    The practice of e-learning in universities is here to stay. This study is a structured description of e-learning practices in Makerere University, the University of Nairobi and the University of Dar es Salaam. The practice of e-learning is taking root in these universities however, the practical indicators and utilization of the same e-learning is anecdotal. Even more, the attitude towards the use of e-learning has not enhanced its full utilization in instruction, learning and research. The study takes a qualitative design with an exploratory and descriptive focus in which instructors and students participating in e-learning in the three universities are targeted and sampled. Interviews guides, checklists, observations schedules and focus discussion group guides were designed to reach out and collect views from instructors and students concerning e-learning practice with the objective of identifying the indicators and practice of e-learning, the utilization and attitudes towards the practice of e-learning in the three universities. There is a trace of the origin of e-learning in these universities. The research discovered that the selected universities have e-learning infrastructure with instructors and students having various perceptions about e-learning. There was a basic procedure of participation in e-learning. The aim of e-learning in these universities was discovered to have a basis on improving teaching and learning. The practice of e-learning is apparent, though scanty. In addition, the attitude towards e-learning is mixed because the general context in xiv which e-learning is practiced is largely based on narrow perceptions. This has led to the under-utilization of the potential of e-learning in instruction and research. For enhanced use of e-learning in instruction and research, the indicators and practices of e-learning must be clear to all the participants. To be clearly defined is participation through harmonization of policies, which will eventually change attitude towards the practice. Enhanced practice of e-learning has a basis in teamwork by all the stakeholders. It takes patience and resilience to attain full realization of the benefit of e-learning that should be a guiding principle for the practice. Generally, more studies in e-learning are vital and will go a long way in enhancing the implementation of the e-learning projects in universities.
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    Teachers’ literary knowledge, training and students’ performance in the novels p310/3 in selected secondary schools in Busia District
    ( 2007) Nabudde, Margaret
    This work on literature was meant to establish whether Teachers’ Literary Knowledge affects students’ performance in final examinations in the novel at A’ Level in selected secondary schools in Busia District and was guided by these questions: 1. What literary skills do teachers of literature P310/3? 2. What is the effect of teachers’ knowledge of literary skills on students’ performance in the novels at A’ Level? 3. What is the relationship between teachers’ training and students’ performance? Data was generated from 54 respondents of whom 9 were teachers of literature at A’ Level, 4 were headteachers and 48 were students offering literature at A’ Level in Busia District. The study was carried out using a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design to cater for the different categories of subjects. Data was collected using observation, interviews, questionnaires and discussions. The teachers filled in teachers’ questionnaire, while students filled in the students’ questionnaire. The Headteachers were interviewed following an interview guide. The researcher observed some lessons in the classroom while the teachers were teaching. The analysis was done basing on the bivariate level where cross tabulations were obtained and test statistics obtained using the independent variables against the dependent variable. The findings of this study gave recommendations to benefit teacher trainers and teacher trainees, the department of literature in the National Curriculum Development Centre (N.C.D.C), A’ Level teachers of Literature in English and future researchers. Training of teacher trainees should emphasize literary skills and content so that by the time they go out to the field, they are in position to teach the novel competently and students benefit.
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    The effect of motivation on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma county, Mukono District.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Ecimon, Thomas
    The researcher set out to find the effect of motivation on teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County, Mukono District. The purpose of this study was to determine how the factors of motivation which were prompt remuneration, responsibilities, and in-service training affected teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County. The researcher used the sample survey design to collect data from the population. The study population composed of 169 teachers from the selected public secondary schools in Nakifuma County and by using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) table of sample size specification, the sample composed of 118 teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire as the data collection instrument because it provided a quicker means for collection of information from such a large sample. The data that was analyzed using the statistical program for social sciences (SPSS) from which the Chi–square test was used to find the relationship between the factors of motivation and teacher retention and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test was used to determine the extent to which the factors of motivation affected teacher retention in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County. The researcher found out that prompt remuneration was a motivation factor that was commonly used in public secondary schools in Nakifuma County to retain teachers. This was because teachers in these schools gave value to their work when there was an anticipated reward such as prompt remuneration. Responsibilities such as being a head of department, director of studies, and other responsibilities in a school increased on the teachers’ performance in their respective duties however these responsibilities did not necessarily motivate these teachers to continue working in a particular public secondary school for a longer time. In-service training was not commonly used as a motivation factor to retain teachers because it involved high costs in terms of providing facilitators to train teachers and the results of the training would take long to be realized by the school. The researcher also found that some teachers after acquiring the extra skills through the in-service training developed a tendency to leave the parent school for either promotions or greener pastures. Therefore public secondary schools should endeavor to promptly remunerate their teachers such that they can be able to meet their basic economic needs through the money they earn from these schools. Teachers should to be given responsibilities in a public secondary school as this makes them to develop a sense of belonging to the school. In-service training should be incorporated into the public secondary schools’ curriculum because it enables teachers to acquire new skills, knowledge of content, and attitudes towards work, while uplifting and maintaining teacher effectiveness and efficiency.
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    Leadership challenges in the management of community development projects: A case study of World Vision Kasawo Area Development project.
    (Makerere University, 2007) Wamala, Patrick
    This research was carried out in Kasawo Sub-county, which is found in Mukono district and has 41 villages with a total population of 31,149 people. World Vision Uganda operates an area development programme in this sub county. This programme is managed through local councils and village committees in implementation of several development initiatives. This research is based on the need to identify the leadership challenges involved in managing community development programmes. These local council committees are often not representative of the all classes of people in these communities with the poor and other disadvantaged groups marginalized from participating in leadership on these committees. This study was geared towards, assessing the overall effectiveness of leadership by local councils in implementing community projects and based on the assumptions that representation through village councils is the best strategy of ensuring involvement of the people in their development and that the poor and marginalized actively participate through local committees in their development. During the survey, quantitative data was collected using questionnaires that were administered to serving members on existing local councils and affiliate development committees from the 4 sampled villages out of 41 villages in the area namely: Kikandwa, Nongo, Nsanvu and Nassejjobe. Focus group discussions and key informant interviews were also held to collect qualitative data about these committees. Survey data collected was analyzed using SPSS 11 and relevant data interpretation consequently done. Results from the study revealed that leadership on village committees is cautiously elected by communities based on criteria often established by the communities themselves but which often evaluates one’s capacity and ability to lead others, this criteria often times eliminates or places the poor, women, disabled and the elderly at a disadvantage compared with other groups or classes of people in these communities as regards representation and active involvement in leadership on these committees. Efforts to sensitize communities on the need to involve everyone in their leadership should be taken up by all development agencies and government since majority of the respondents did not regard representation on village committees as an important aspect of ensuring participation of everyone in development programmes.
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    Challenges of translating folk stories from Runyankore-Rukiga to English
    (Makerere University, 2007) Zabajungu, Boniface Kerere
    Translation requires assessing and interpreting the meaning of a source language text and expressing the same meaning faithfully and idiomatically in the receptor language. This study has examined the cultural and linguistic challenges of carrying out literary translation between two unrelated languages, on the basis of a sample of five folk stories from Runyankore-Rukiga to English. The former has agglutinating features, which make it semantically and syntactically versatile through the use of derived affixes. English uses inflectional grammatical categories, such as tense, case, gender, number and mood. Where there have been no near equivalents in the receptor language, descriptive phrases have been used to convey the source text’s intended meaning. The “today past/historical present tense, marked with a long vowel, mostly “–aa-/-ee-,” is popularly used in Runyankore-Rukiga to narrate folk stories. This tense makes the narrated succession of events seem to be closer and more appealing to listeners and readers. The English simple past tense, mostly marked by the suffix “-ed,” has been used to translate the narrative clauses of the source today past/historical present tense. The challenges encountered have been noted and applicable generic abstractions drawn out from them. Recommendations have been made towards promoting further literary translations and disseminating literature. Folk stories and literature in general creatively deal with themes about human life. The five folk stories for this study depict the cultural view of the Banyankore and Bakiga about marriage for promoting, not only the nuclear family, but also the extended family through collateral kinship. The fifth story seriously challenges the traditional regard for a witch doctor’s claimed supernatural power of emandwa, i.e. idols, and talismans/amulets to provide divination, healing and protection to life; or negatively to harm a client’s adversaries. Through oral re-telling, radio and television broadcasting as well as through publishing of folk stories as books their didactic and entertainment value can benefit the source language speakers: by fostering a reading habit, literacy and laying a base for development. Through translation the same values can be shared across cultures and languages and thereby add a human factor to the on-going process of globalisation.
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    Effects of land tenure on physical planning in Uganda: a case of Kampala City
    (Makerere University, 2007) Mwesige, Godfrey
    There are different land tenure systems in Kampala city with competing legitimacy claims under the different systems. Despite the laws and regulations put in place to guide and regulate physical planning, planned developments continue to co-exist with informal and illegal developments and the situation seems to vary from one tenure system to another. The general objective of the study was to assess the effects of land tenure systems on physical planning in Kampala City. The specific objectives included; assessing the level of physical planning and development of land under different land tenure systems, determining the relationship between land tenure systems and physical planning in Kampala City, identifying the implications of land tenure systems on physical planning of Kampala city and proposing viable options aimed at counteracting land tenure constraints to effective physical planning. The researcher collected data from 80 respondents of whom 25 were purposively selected and 55 were randomly selected from land owners in Kasubi and Kawempe. Data was collected using a combination of in-depth interviews and questionnaires as well as analysis of secondary data sources. The findings of the study show that KCC lacks commitment and financial resources to compensate land owners whose land is affected by proposed developments as such most structure and detailed plans are not implemented. The findings also showed that the majority of developments in Kampala do not conform to the city’s development plans, building rules and regulations. The researcher also discovered that physical planning on public land is more effective as opposed to physical planning on privately held land. Further, the study results show that the most significant land tenure constraints to physical planning is landlords holding unto prime land and resisting KCC’s planning decisions. The researcher therefore concluded that overall, planning of land under the different tenure systems is not effective. Tenure insecurity and lack of enforcement of planning regulations are highly responsible for the poor quality of planning in the City. The researcher made recommendations based on the findings of the study and these included; designing an effective and sound land registration and titling system, introducing of land taxation, and attaching more emphasis on the physical planning function of KCC. The researcher also proposes areas for further research.
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    Factors affecting utilisation of delivery services in the health units of Uganda: a case study of central region
    (Makerere University, 2008) Tiwangye, Milly
    The general objective of the study was to find out the factors that affect the utilisation of delivery services at the health units in Uganda. Specifically, the study aimed at assessing the differences in the utilisation of delivery services at the health units as well the effect of distance on the utilisation of delivery services at the health units. The study also aimed at assessing the impact of marital status on the utilisation of the delivery services at the health units and to identify the effect of education on the utilisation of delivery services in the health units. The study used raw data of the End Evaluation and the Baseline Study Survey for the Fifth and Sixth Country Program collected by UNFPA in all regions of Uganda which were: Eastern, Western, Northern and Central. Binary logistic regression model was used to establish the factors affecting the utilisation of delivery services at health units. These included age, education and distance to the health unit. Occupation and income of respondents, however, were not significantly related to the utilisation of delivery services. The use of traditional birth attendants reflect a likelihood of occurrence of maternal complications that may lead to death. Self supervision unless addressed has far reaching consequences as women risk their life by increasing the likelihood of maternal complications that may lead to maternal death. It was recommended that more sensitisation programmes are needed to awaken mothers about the dangers associated with traditional methods of birth which may increase in case of maternal complications due to lack of Emergency Obstetric Care (EmOC) services. Programme targeting young mothers should be encouraged while strengthening existing ones. Programmes aimed at delaying early sexual debut should be availed to avert risks of early pregnancy as well as bringing services near to the people especially the poor rural communities.
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    The International Criminal Court Indictments In Uganda And The International Criminal Tribunal in Rwanda: Lessons In Applying International Law and Justice Mechanisms
    (Makerere University, 2008) Muwonge, Joseph Max
    The LRA, under the leadership of Joseph Kony, has fought a twenty years’ war in northern Uganda, characterized by gross human rights violation, war crimes and crimes against humanity, against the government of Uganda. In Rwanda, close to one million Tutsis and moderate Hutus were massacred during the 1994 genocide. Many of those who survived today suffer from psychological and physical wounds as a result of the genocide. In Uganda, ICC issued arrest warrants for the top five LRA commanders in October 2005, while in Rwanda, ICTR was established in November 2004, and started its operations based in Arusha, Tanzania in 2005, to prosecute persons behind the genocide and others serious violations of humanitarian law. These cases reveal the growing momentum in the evolution of International Human Rights through providing human rights implementers and claimants more mechanisms to pursue justice and accountability. The application of International Human Rights Law of the 1998 Rome Statue of the ICC in Uganda, and the International Humanitarian Law of the ICTR in Rwanda has raised justice and accountability intervention impasse between international and local justice and accountability mechanisms. This study endeavored to draw key lessons from the analysis of the application of the ICC and ICTR mandates, as compared to the local justice mechanisms, in causing justice and accountability in the above Ugandan and Rwandan scenarios respectively. Both primary and secondary data sources were relied upon in compiling the findings of this study. Primary data was obtained from interviewees who were key informants, self administered questionnaire and focused group discussions in both Uganda and Rwanda. The study established that international justice and accountability mechanisms are insufficient in meeting the real demands and perception of justice and accountability for the victimized communities, especially in the African context. It recommends that the international community should encourage alternative and local forms of justice like the Gacaca court system in Rwanda and the Mato-oput system in Northern Uganda, to exist in cooperation, not competition, with the international justice mechanisms, perceived by many victims as being retributive.
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    The challenges faced by children in the enjoyment of their right to participate in education decision making: a case study of schools in Mukono District.
    (Makerere University, 2008) KIMOIMO ODWONGO, MARGARET HILDA
    The study set out to identify the challenges faced by children in the enjoyment of the right to participate in education decision making. The study explored the concept of the meaning of the ‘right of children to participate’ in education decision making. It also sought to find whether the concept holds good for all children equally in all places and all times. It also looked at whether it is only the strong legal system that can sustain the children’s enjoyment of the right to participate in decision making. The study used two approaches; there was the use of primary sources of data and the secondary sources of data. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in the collection of data. Written and oral questionnaires were used in data collection and focus group discussions. The focus of the field research was limited to decisions made on four educational areas which were; selection of school, selection of subjects selection of career, and in the involvement of children in the making of school rules. The focus of the desk research was limited to delineating the meaning of the ‘right of the children to participate’ in decision making and the promotion and protection legal framework from selected human rights instruments. The study explored the three participation bases that support children’s right to participate in education decision making and which make up the enabling environment for participation. These were; knowledge and awareness base, the institutional set up and the acquisition and use of negotiation and decision making skills for the participation process. The study also indicated the three correlative phases that describe the sequence of the enjoyment of the right to participate from a functional point of view. They also respond to the three categories of rights to participation in decision making: the primary, social and the substantive rights. The main findings were that; • The concept the ‘right of the children to participate’ in decision making means the use of the participatory process to empower children under a robust framework that is backed by wider social, cultural, economic and political policies where the three categories of rights to participation work in sync and underpinned by consideration of the weighting values. • The concept of participation did not hold good for all children, all the time and in all places. • It is not only a strong legal system that can sustain the process of children participation in education decision making but a wider social, economic, political and cultural systems are also very important. • There are six major categories of challenges that are faced by children in the enjoyment of their right to participate in education decision making process. • The ‘final standard meaning of common achievement’ of children participation was determined by the UNCRC and the ACRWC and the weighting values that do vary in each society. In order to move comprehensively to address the challenges the following recommendations were made; The new and deeper meaning of children’s right should establish children as recognized rights holders who are entitled to receive protection and have participation rights. There is need to sensitize all stakeholders and children to change attitudes towards children participation in all matters including education. There is need for a review of the legal weaknesses inherent at international, regional, and domestic levels in order to plug the loopholes and to come up with policies and laws that can support children’s participation rights. The government should build an environment that promotes information technology as a new method to facilitate the children’s right to participate in decision making.
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    Implications of the international biotechnology legal regime on the preservation of indigenous knowledge (IK) in Uganda:
    (Makerere University, 2008) Barugahare, Edwin Muhereza Kosia
    This study examines the relevance of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the TRIPS Agreement to a developing country like Uganda. Indigenous Knowledge (IK) preservation mechanisms have been perceived as an opportunity through which developing countries can achieve sustainable development. It remains unclear as to whether such mechanisms will be beneficial to developing countries like Uganda. The problem is compounded by the fact that Indigenous Knowledge is strongly linked to developmental and economic issues with the result that if a country was to do away with such knowledge without adequate compensation, its economic development would be seriously affected. The study also analyses how the Organization of African Unity (OAU) Model law on Community Rights and the Control of Access to Biological Resources, relates to the CBD and the TRIPS agreement, how it resembles and differs from the two international legal regimes providing for indigenous knowledge and the implications this has Uganda being signatory to the model law. The study analyses how the contradictions existing at the international and regional level will have far reaching implications on Uganda as far as compliance and the drafting of national laws is concerned. The study reviews Uganda’s Laws and Policies relevant for IK preservation vis-à-vis the tensions and convergences existing between the CBD, the TRIPS Agreement and the OAU Model Law. It also makes proposals and the required reforms necessary for the establishment of an effective regime of IK preservation. The study finds that there is no specific legislation and policy dealing with issues of indigenous knowledge in Uganda and as such the knowledge is vulnerable to exploitation without benefits accruing to the beneficiaries. Finally, the study recommends possible measures to fill in that lacuna.
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    Response of internally displaced people (idp) to food insecurity in situations of prolonged conflict
    (Makerere University, 2008) Acidri, James
    Household food insecurity in situations of conflict is a major humanitarian problem, which has increased hunger and starvation among the people who have been affected by the Northern Uganda conflict. Specific reports show that, it has been difficult to appropriately respond to the food needs of the IDPs in Northern Uganda (WFP 2005). Part of the problem has been the lack of in-depth analysis of how the IDPs continued to survive, despite limited humanitarian assistance. Majority of people affected by the Northern conflict developed and adopted specific coping and response strategies in order to achieve the required level of food entitlement in their households. However, there has been very limited understanding and actual quantification of the local people’s contribution towards the ir basic survival needs including food among the IDPs. This caused a significant mismatch between external response and actual level of needs faced by the IDPs. The study attempts to bring a new breed of evidence on the logical sequence and rational behavior which enabled the IDP households to employ particular coping and response strategies against food insecurity. Overall, the evidence shows that the IDP households had a rational pattern in the development and adoption of coping strategies. The households initially concentrated on extreme austerity measures, followed by depletion of available productive assets, before resorting to strategies likely to have negative impact on future household food security. Based on the main findings such as loss of household productive assets, failure in crop production and increased levels of vulnerability to food insecurity which triggered the adoption of various coping strategies for survival, the researcher argues that an in-depth understanding of how households allocate their scarce resources to cope in times of crisis is of immense value to a broad array of emergency and development work. He also contends that further research work towards the development of household coping strategy conceptual framework in situations of chronic conflict, will provide an informed approach to the design of emergency and development interventions in conflict situations
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    The challenges of community participation in development projects: a case of community managed projects of plan international - Luwero Program.
    (Makerere University, 2008) Omunu, Felix
    Community Managed Projects (CMP) have become an important form of development assistance in developing countries. However, a look at their conceptual foundations and evidence on their effectiveness shows that projects that rely on community participation have not been particularly effective in targeting the poor. The argument for the CMP approach in much of the literature is mainly to foster ownership, sustainability and accountability in development projects. However, as this particular study expounds, the projects are always faced with numerous challenges and the promises of good outcomes of project initiatives are always hard to come by. This study set out to assess the challenges of community participation in development projects; a case of community managed projects of Plan International in Luwero district. The study employed a survey research design, using both qualitative and quantitative methods in the collection of data. The findings revealed numerous challenges ranging from community to organizational levels that affected the sustainability, ownership of and accountability in these projects. The level of involvement of communities, socio-economic background of CMP beneficiaries, gender, influence of powerful village elites who capture community benefits all contributed to the poor performance of the projects. In addition, obstacles at organizational level like rigid accountability requirements, poorly trained Plan CMP Facilitators and unnecessary demands, featured as major set backs to the CMP initiative. The study recommends commitment of organizations that support CMPs in promoting genuine and effective participation of communities in all stages of the project cycle. Organizations that promote this kind of initiative should be prepared to let communities have effective control over the resources they have provided to them. In addition, a substantial amount of resources need to be committed to training staff and community project leaders to ensure that all stakeholders know their role in facilitating the successful implementation of the projects. However, the challenges that affect CMPs were in no way exhausted by this study. Future researches need to carry out in-depth comparative studies across a number of projects in different settings to discover common features. This needs to cover broader population samples than the single case study done here. More qualitative methodologies and possibly participant observation need to be applied to unravel the community perceptions and attitudes that influence and therefore pause challenges to community participation in CMPs.
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    Armed conflicts and women empowerment in Northern Uganda : a case of LRA conflict in Gulu and Kitgum Districts 2003-2008
    (Makerere University, 2008) Atim, Odwong Beatrice
    Northern Uganda has witnessed armed conflicts for a long time. The most disastrous armed conflict in northern Uganda, the LRA conflict broke out immediately after the NRA’s take over or government in 1986. This war displaced many people especially in the districts of Gulu and Kitgum and led to many deaths in addition to many other effects. For over twenty years however, many studies were conducted concerning the effects of the LRA conflict on very many aspects of life except women empowerment. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the effect of armed conflicts on women empowerment, with specific reference to the LRA conflict in Gulu and Kitgum districts. The study adopted three specific objectives; to analyse the effects of armed conflicts on women in Gulu and Kitgum districts, to examine the nature of women empowerment in Gulu and Kitgum districts, and to explore other ways of empowering women in Gulu and Kitgum districts. Cross-sectional research design based on qualitative and quantitative data from primary and secondary sources were adopted to meet the study objectives. It was discovered that the LRA conflict has led to enormous suffering for women as they have suffered rape, murder, torture by the LRA combatants and government soldiers, prostitution, domestic violence, unwanted pregnancies, defilement, bodily harm, forced marriages and discrimination in education attainment. The negativities of the LRA insurgency denied women access to education and skills acquisition due to fear of abduction, camp life denied them access to economic resources and increased male domination. Despite the efforts by different NGOs, CBOs, government and development partners put in to empower women, very little has been achieved due to the LRA insurgency. Coupled with women’s lack of adequate education skills, access to and control of economic recourses, male domination and women’s selfishness to advance personal careers, women empowerment has remained a dream yet to achieve especially with rural women in Gulu and Kitgum districts. The study thus recommends that the approach to women empowerment be streamlined to include rural women in the agrarian cuttings, the state and other agencies at all levels of discussions concerned with women issues and empowerment. Unique and innovative approaches for women empowerment should also be designed, adopted and promoted by all stakeholders to match the disempowering factors such limited skills, limited access to economic resources and involvement in decision making if women empowerment is to be achieved, particularly so in Northern Uganda. These should include interventions such as interest free loans, farmers’ credit schemes with emphasis on girls and women, integrated gender focused skills training and development, and sensitizing of rural women on their rights, about the law, leadership and key global development trends.
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    Assessment of the effectiveness of school management committees in pastoral communities: a case study of Bokora county, Moroto District
    (Makerere University, 2008) Akech, Rosemary Oyollo
    Uganda attaches a lot of importance to effective school management at all levels to ensure provision of quality education that should contribute to national development. The study sought to establish whether School Management Committees (SMC) in pastoral communities performed their mandated roles to effectively manage the schools and if not what could be done to enhance their performance. The research questions and objectives of the study focused on assessing the extent of effectiveness of the SMCs. It explored the contextual factors (socio-cultural, economic, physical, policy guidelines, school inspection and gender balance) that determine the performance of SMCs. It examined the effects of the level of effectiveness of SMCs on pupils learning and suggested possible strategies for enhancing performance of SMCs. The study was cross-sectional and used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Field data was collected from 100 respondents who included SMCs, head teachers, teachers, parents, opinion leaders, education officials and NGOs using questionnaires, FGD guides, interview guides and review of secondary data. The key findings of the study were that; The SMC knew their roles though they mainly performed supervisory role and neglected administrative and consultative roles. This was due to the socio-cultural, economic and physical factors that influenced the performance of the SMC in primary schools. Livestock rearing as a major economic activity limited the participation of members in SMC because livestock rearing is the only reliable means of livelihood in Bokora and Karamoja generally. In order to strengthen the work of SMCs, it was recommended that government increases funding for Education programmes in the region. There is need to have more women participate in SMCs since they did not go to the “kraals” and were always in the “Manyattas”. A comprehensive development plan adequately funded to enable the Karimojong practice modern pastoralism would go along way to impact positively on management of primary schools in Bokora and Karamoja as a whole.