Effect of extreme hydrological events on cattle production system and coping strategies in Afgoi District Somalia

Abstract

This study explored the effect of extreme hydrological events on cattle production system and coping strategies in Afgoi district Somalia. The specific objectives were to determine the effects of drought and flood on the cattle production system, and to identify the strategies employed by households to cope with the effect of drought and flood on cattle production. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative data was collected using structured questionnaires in interviews with 150 respondents while qualitative data used checklist of questions in focus-group discussions and key informant interviews. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study findings showed that the main local warning signs of drought were; little or no rain falls (56.0%), declines river's flow or becomes dry (31.3%). On the other hand, overflowing river (47.3%) and excessive heavy rainfall within a short period of time (36.7%) were main local warning signs of flood. The drought and flood had negatively affected cattle production system. The effects include water shortage (35.3%), increased cattle mortality and morbidity (27.3%), low forage quality and quantity (20.7%), excess water destroying grass (40.7%), increase parasite burdens due to moist condition (27.3%). The death of cattle was the main effect of drought and flood on cattle production (78.7%). The respondents used many strategies to cope with the effect of drought and flood including increased mobility of cattle herds to search for feed and water (45.3%), reduced number of livestock herds (23.3%), migration during or before the flood (38.0%), However, more than half (62%) of the respondents did not have good preparation or strategies to cope with flood. The study recommended that Enhancing education and awareness about flood and drought risks and preparedness measures is crucial for pastoral households in Afgoi. This should involve educating community members about early warning systems, evacuation procedures and basic disaster management techniques. Promoting literacy and providing training on climate change adaptation can empower households to make informed decisions and effectively cope to flood and drought events.