Assessment of direct hydrocarbon indicators for prospect mapping in the Semliki Basin, Western Uganda

Abstract

This study evaluated Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHIs) for prospect mapping in the Semliki Basin, Western Uganda, using seismic attributes, structural interpretation and petrophysical evaluation techniques. The research focused on delineating seismic reflection anomalies and validating them against structural interpretations and reservoir property estimations. Seismic attributes of RMS (Root Mean Square) amplitude and sweetness were applied to enhance the detection of amplitude anomalies and identified eight bright Spots (A-H) across the study area. Structural mapping confirmed that several anomalies are aligned with potential hydrocarbon traps, including anticline structures and fault-related traps. Genetic inversion techniques also provided quantitative estimates of reservoir properties (volume of shale, effective porosity, and water saturation). Bright Spots B, C, D, and H demonstrate significant hydrocarbon potential due to their association with structurally trapped Formations and moderate reservoir qualities. Anomaly C emerges as the most promising candidate, characterized by a well-defined flat Spot interpreted as a fluid contact within an anticlinal configuration. On the other hand, anomalies A, E, F, and G show limited hydrocarbon potential due to poor reservoir quality and limited structural support.