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| Title: | Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, Uganda |
| Authors: | Bachou, Hanifa
Tylleskär, Thorkild
Kaddu-Mulindwa, Deogratias H
Tumwine, James K |
| Keywords: | Bacteraemia
Malnourished children
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV |
| Issue Date: | 7-Nov-2006 |
| Publisher: | BioMed Central |
| Citation: | Bachou, H; Tylleskar, T; Kaddu-Mulindwa, D. H.; Tumwine, J. K. (2006) Bacteraemia among severely malnourished children infected and uninfected with the human immunodeficiency virus-1 in Kampala, Uganda. BMC Infectious Diseases 6:160 |
| Abstract: | Background: To establish the magnitude of bacteraemia in severely malnourished children, and describe the types of bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity by HIV status.
Method: Isolates were recovered from 76 blood specimens. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed using commercial antibiotic disks and demographic and clinical findings were recorded.
Results: Of the 450 children 63% were male; median age 17.0 months (inter quartile range, IQR 12–24) and 57% had oedema. 151 (36.7 %) of 411 tested HIV-positive; 76 (17.1%) of 445 blood specimens grew bacterial isolates; 58% were Gram negative – S. typhimurium (27.6%) and S. enteriditis (11.8%). Staph. aureus (26.3%) and Strep. pneumoniae (13.2%) were the main Gram positive organisms. There was no difference in the risk of bacteraemia by HIV status, age < 24 months, male sex, or oedema, except for oral thrush (OR 2.3 CI 1.0–5.1) and hypoalbuminaemia (OR 3.5 CI 1.0–12.1). Isolates from severely immuno-suppressed children (CD4% <15%) were more likely to grow Salmonella enteriditis (OR 5.4; CI 1.6 – 17.4). The isolates were susceptible (≥ 80%) to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin; with low susceptibility to chlorampenicol, ampicillin (< 50%) and cotrimoxazole (<25%). Suspicion of bacteraemia had 95.9% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity. Among bacteraemic children, mortality was higher (43.5% vs 20.5%) in the HIV-positive; OR 3.0 (95%CI 1.0, 8.6).
Conclusion: Bacteraemia affects 1 in every 6 severely malnourished children and carries high mortality especially among the HIV-positive. Given the high level of resistance to common antibiotics, there is need for clinical trials to determine the best combinations of antibiotics for management of bacteraemia in severely malnourished children. |
| URI: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2334/6/160
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/470 |
| ISSN: | 1471-2334 |
| Appears in Collections: | Research Articles (Bio-Medical)
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| kaddu-tumwine-bachou-tylleskar-chs-res.pdf | | 252Kb | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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