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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1750
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| Title: | Effect of home based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immonodeficiency virus in Uganda. |
| Authors: | Lule, John R.
Mermin, Jonathan
Ekwaru, John Paul
Malamba, Samuel
Downing, Robert
Ransom, Raymond
Nakanjako, Damalie
Wafula, Winnie
Hughes, Peter
Bunnell, Rebecca
Kaharuza, Frank
Coutinho, Alex
Kigozi, Aminah
Quick, Robert |
| Keywords: | Diarrhea
HIV/AIDS
Africa
Safe Water System (SWS)
Uganda
Rural area
Antiretroviral treatment
Sub-Saharan Africa |
| Issue Date: | 2005 |
| Publisher: | American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
| Citation: | Lule, J.R., Mermin, J., Ekwaru, J.P., Malamba, S., Downing, R., Ransom, R., Nakanjako, D., Wafula, W., Hughes, P., Bunnell, R., Kaharuza, F., Coutinho, A., Kigozi, A., Quick, R. (2005). Effect of home based water chlorination and safe storage on diarrhea among persons with human immonodeficiency virus in Uganda. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 73(5) |
| Abstract: | Diarrhea is frequent among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) but few interventions are available for people in Africa. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of a home-based, safe water
intervention on the incidence and severity of diarrhea among persons with HIV living in rural Uganda. Between April 2001 and November 2002, households of 509 persons with HIV and 1,521 HIV-negative household members received a closed-mouth plastic container, a dilute chlorine solution, and hygiene education (safe water system [SWS]) or simply hygiene education alone. After five months, HIV-positive participants received daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (160 mg of trimethoprim and 800 mg of sulfamethoxazole) and were followed for an additional 1.5 years. Persons with HIV using
SWS had 25% fewer diarrhea episodes (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59–0.94, P = 0.015), 33% fewer days with diarrhea (IRR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.94, P = 0.021), and less visible blood or mucus in stools (28% versus 39%; P < 0.0001). The SWS was equally effective with or without cotrimoxazole
prophylaxis (P = 0.73 for interaction), and together they reduced diarrhea episodes by 67% (IRR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.24–0.46, P < 0.0001), days with diarrhea by 54% (IRR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.32–0.66, P < 0.0001), and days of work or school lost due to diarrhea by 47% (IRR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.34–0.83, P < 0.0056). A home-based safe water system
reduced diarrhea frequency and severity among persons with HIV living in Africa and large scale implementation should
be considered. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1750 |
| ISSN: | 0002-9637 |
| Appears in Collections: | Research Articles (Health-Sciences)
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| lule-chs-res.pdf | | 277Kb | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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