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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1699
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| Title: | Relatively low HIV infection rates in rural Uganda, but with high potential for a rise: a cohort study in Kayunga District, Uganda |
| Authors: | Guwatudde, David
Wabwire-Mangen, Fred
Eller, Leigh Anne
Eller, Michael
McCutchan, Francine
Kibuuka, Hannah
Millard, Monica
Sewankambo, Nelson
Serwadda, David
Michael, Nelson
Robb, Merlin |
| Keywords: | HIV/AIDS
Prevalence
Antenatal Clinics
Women
Ministry of Health
Uganda
Multiple sexual partners |
| Issue Date: | 7-Feb-2009 |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| Citation: | Guwatudde, D., Wabwire-Mangen, F., Eller, L.A., Eller, M., McCutchan, F., Kibuuka, H., Millard, M., Sewankambo, N., Serwadda, D., Michael, N., Robb, M. (2009). Relatively low HIV infection rates in rural Uganda, but with high potential for a rise: a cohort study in Kayunga District, Uganda. PLoS ONE 4(1) |
| Abstract: | Background: Few studies have been conducted in Uganda to identify and quantify the determinants of HIV-1 infection. We report results from a community-based cohort study, whose primary objectives were to determine HIV-1 prevalence, incidence, and determinants of these infections, among other objectives.
Methodology: Consenting volunteers from the rural district of Kayunga in Uganda aged 15–49 years were enrolled between March and July 2006. Participants were evaluated every six months. A questionnaire that collected information on behavioral and other HIV-1 risk factors was administered, and a blood sample obtained for laboratory analysis at each study visit.
Principal Findings: HIV-1 prevalence among the 2025 participants was 9.9% (95% CI = 8.6%–11.2%). By the end of 12 months of follow-up, 1689.7 person-years had been accumulated, with a median follow-up time of 11.97 months. Thirteen HIV-1 incident cases were detected giving an annual HIV-1 incidence of 0.77% (95% CI = 0.35–1.19). Prevalence of HSV-2 infection was 57% and was strongly associated with prevalent HIV-1 infection (adjusted Odds Ratio = 3.9, 95% CI = 2.50–6.17); as well as incident HIV-1 infection (adjusted Rate Ratio (RR) = 8.7, 95% CI = 1.11–67.2). The single most important behavioral characteristic associated with incident HIV infection was the number of times in the past 6 months, a participant had sex with person(s) they suspected/knew were having sex with others; attaining statistical significance at 10 times and higher (adjusted RR = 6.3, 95% CI = 1.73–23.1). By the end of 12 months of follow-up, 259 participants (13%) were lost to follow-up, 13 (0.6%) had died, and 2 (0.1%) had withdrawn consent.
Conclusions: Despite relatively low HIV-1 incidence observed in this community, prevalence remains relatively high. In the presence of high prevalence of HSV-2 infection and the behavioral characteristic of having sex with more than one partner, there is potential for increase in HIV-1 incidence. |
| URI: | doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004145
http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1699 |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Appears in Collections: | Research Articles (Health-Sciences)
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| guwatudde-wabwire-chs-res.pdf | | 177Kb | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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