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http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1597
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| Title: | Artemisinin versus nonartemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria: randomized clinical trials from four sites in Uganda |
| Authors: | Yeka, Adoke
Banek, Kristin
Bakyaita, Nathan
Staedke, Sarah G.
Kamya, Moses R.
Talisuna, Ambrose
Kironde, Fred
Nsobya, Samuel L.
Kilian, Albert
Slater, Madeline
Dorsey, Grant |
| Keywords: | Drug resistance in
Combination antimalarial therapy
Malaria control
Drug efficacy
Drug resistance
Falciparum malaria
Parasitological failure
Plasmodium falciparum
Artemisinins
Malaria |
| Issue Date: | Jul-2005 |
| Publisher: | Public Library of Science |
| Citation: | Yeka, A., Banek, K., Bakyaita, N., Staedke, S.G., Kamya, M.R., Talisuna, A., Kironde, F., Nsobya, S.L., Kilian, A., Slater, M., Dorsey, G. (2005) Artemisinin versus nonartemisinin combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria: randomized clinical trials from four sites in Uganda. PLoS Medicine 2(7) |
| Abstract: | Background
Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum poses a major threat to malaria control.
Combination antimalarial therapy including artemisinins has been advocated recently to
improve efficacy and limit the spread of resistance, but artemisinins are expensive and relatively untested in highly endemic areas. We compared artemisinin-based and other combination therapies in four districts in Uganda with varying transmission intensity.
Methods and Findings We enrolled 2,160 patients aged 6 mo or greater with uncomplicated falciparum malaria.
Patients were randomized to receive chloroquine (CQ) þ sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP);
amodiaquine (AQ) þ SP; or AQ þ artesunate (AS). Primary endpoints were the 28-d risks of parasitological failure either unadjusted or adjusted by genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infections.
A total of 2,081 patients completed follow-up, of which 1,749 (84%) were under the age of 5y. The risk of recrudescence after treatment with CQþSP was high, ranging from 22% to 46% at the four sites. This risk was significantly lower (p , 0.01) after AQþSP or AQþAS (7%–18% and 4%–12%, respectively). Compared to AQ þ SP, AQ þ AS was associated with a lower risk of
recrudescence but a higher risk of new infection. The overall risk of repeat therapy due to any recurrent infection (recrudescence or new infection) was similar at two sites and significantly higher for AQ þ AS at the two highest transmission sites (risk differences ¼ 15% and 16%, p ,
0.003).
Conclusion
AQþAS was the most efficacious regimen for preventing recrudescence, but this benefit was outweighed by an increased risk of new infection. Considering all recurrent infections, the efficacy of AQþSP was at least as efficacious at all sites and superior to AQþAS at the highest
sites. The high endemicity of malaria in Africa may impact on the efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1597 |
| ISSN: | 1549-1277 |
| Appears in Collections: | Research Articles (Health-Sciences)
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| Adoke-Chs-Res.pdf | | 198Kb | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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